Joplin history

The history of the city of Joplin begins in the second half of the 19th century. The official founding date is considered to be 1873, when two rival mining settlements—Murphysburg and Joplin City—merged. Located in the state of Missouri, the city was named in honour of the Reverend Harris Joplin, one of the first settlers in this area of the USA.

Key Factors of Formation

• Mineral Resources: The primary driver of growth was the discovery of rich lead and zinc deposits in the Joplin Creek valley. This event sparked a massive mining boom, attracting thousands of prospectors and entrepreneurs to the region.
• Geographical Location: Its position on the edge of the Ozark Plateau and the development of railway connections turned the settlement into a logistical hub, through which ore was exported and goods were supplied.

Early Cultural and Economic Features

During its formative period, Joplin developed at a rapid pace, acquiring the features of a classic boomtown. The regional economy was based almost entirely on the extraction and processing of minerals, which ensured a significant influx of capital.

The mineral wealth contributed to the rapid development of urban infrastructure: electric trams, multi-storey buildings, and cultural institutions such as opera houses appeared here early on, distinguishing the city from many other settlements of that time.

Brief History in Dates

• 1873: Official founding of the city of Joplin through the unification of the mining settlements of Murphysburg and Joplin City.
• Late 19th Century: A period of rapid economic flourishing, when the city became a global centre for lead and zinc mining.
• 1902: Opening of Schifferdecker Park, which became a popular recreation spot for citizens thanks to donations from philanthropist Charles Schifferdecker.
• 1926: The route of the legendary Highway 66 (Route 66) passed through the city, turning it into an important point on the map of road travel.
• 1933: The famous shootout between the police and the Bonnie and Clyde gang took place in the city; the pair managed to escape, leaving behind their belongings and a camera.
• 1940s: Beginning of economic diversification and the development of the manufacturing sector against the backdrop of depleting ore reserves.
• 1971: A strong tornado caused significant damage to the city's infrastructure, though the consequences were promptly addressed.
• 2011: A devastating EF5 category tornado destroyed a third of the urban area, becoming one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern history of the USA.
• 2014: Completion of the new Mercy Hospital construction, marking the revival of the region's medical system.
• 2015: Opening of the new Joplin High School, becoming a symbol of the city's final recovery after the catastrophe.

Stages of Shaping the City's Image

The development of the city of Joplin is a story of constant adaptation and rebirth. From a prospectors' tent camp to a modern regional centre, the city has passed through several key stages that defined its current economic and architectural appearance.

• The Mining Boom Era (Late 19th — Early 20th Century): The discovery of rich deposits of lead and zinc turned the settlement into a prosperous city. Revenues from the subsoil allowed for the construction of majestic brick buildings and opera houses, and the launch of tram lines, laying the foundation of urban infrastructure.
• Transport Hub Status (from the 1920s): Thanks to its favourable location and the passing of the legendary Route 66 through the city centre, Joplin became an important point on the map of auto tourism in the USA. This stimulated the development of roadside services, motels, and trade, making the city the "welcoming gateway" to the Ozarks.
• Industrial Diversification (Mid-20th Century): As the mines were depleted, the city avoided desolation by reorienting the economy towards manufacturing and logistics. The appearance of large factories and transport companies allowed for the preservation of jobs and economic stability.
• Urban Renewal (Post-2011): The tragic events associated with the destructive tornado became a catalyst for massive reconstruction. The restoration of the city was carried out taking into account modern safety and energy efficiency requirements, giving the city new schools, parks, and world-class public spaces.
• Development of Medical and Educational Cluster (Modernity): In recent decades, the city has strengthened its position as a healthcare and education centre for the "Four States" region (Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas). The construction of new hospital complexes and the development of university campuses attract specialists and students here.

The architectural appearance of the city of Joplin was formed under the influence of rapid economic growth during the mining boom era. From temporary wooden structures, the city quickly moved to monumental stone construction, striving to demonstrate its wealth and status as a leading industrial centre of the USA.

Era of Prosperity and Historicism (Late 19th — Early 20th Century)

The period of the highest flourishing of zinc and lead mining gifted the city its most expressive historical buildings. At this time, styles emphasizing reliability and respectability dominated the centre and prestigious residential areas.

• Victorian Style and Queen Anne: In the historic district of Murphysburg, magnificent mansions of industrialists of that era have been preserved. They are characterized by complex asymmetrical facades, turrets, spacious verandas, and an abundance of decorative elements.
• Romanesque Revival Style: Commercial development of the historic centre (Sunshine Lamp District) was often executed in red brick and local stone using arched windows and massive cornices, giving the buildings an imposing and solid look.

Civic Architecture and Neoclassicism (1910–1930s)

As it transformed into a major transport hub, iconic public structures appeared in the city, executed in stricter and more solemn styles characteristic of American urban planning in the first third of the 20th century.

• Union Depot Station: Built in 1911, this architectural monument (now awaiting restoration) combines elements of the Beaux-Arts style and early modernism. The building is distinguished by elegant decor and monumentality, reminiscent of the times of railway grandeur.
• Scottish Rite Cathedral: Erected in 1923, the building is a vivid example of Neoclassicism and Beaux-Arts style, standing out with its massive facade and exquisite interiors.

Modern Architecture and Recovery (21st Century)

The recent history of Joplin's architecture is inextricably linked with overcoming the consequences of the destructive tornado of 2011. The tragedy gave impetus to a large-scale renewal of the urban environment and the implementation of innovative safety standards.

• Functionalism and Resilience: New iconic objects, such as the Mercy Hospital complex and the rebuilt Joplin High School, represent examples of modern protective architecture. The aesthetics of these structures combine elements of high-tech and modernism: the use of tempered glass, concrete, and metal, as well as the integration of reinforced safety zones into the design.

Famous Natives and Residents

The city of Joplin is proud of its talented natives and residents who have achieved recognition in the arts, science, and sports. Many of them have made a significant contribution not only to local history but also to the cultural heritage of the USA.

• Langston Hughes (1902–1967) — poet, novelist, and playwright. One of the most influential literary figures of the 20th century and a leading figure of the "Harlem Renaissance". Born in Joplin; the house where he spent his early childhood is recognized as a historic landmark.
• George Washington Carver (c. 1864–1943) — distinguished scientist, botanist, and inventor. He spent part of his youth in Joplin, where he attended school. His innovations in agronomy radically changed the agriculture of the southern states.
• Percy Wenrich (1887–1952) — composer and pianist, known as "The Joplin Kid". A bright representative of the Ragtime era and Tin Pan Alley, author of many popular melodies of the early 20th century.
• Dennis Weaver (1924–2006) — film and television actor. A native of the city, gaining wide fame thanks to his role in the cult series "Gunsmoke" and the main role in Steven Spielberg's first film "Duel".
• Robert Cummings (1910–1990) — star of Hollywood's "Golden Age". The actor, born in Joplin, became famous for roles in romantic comedies and Alfred Hitchcock films, such as "Dial M for Murder".
• Hale Irwin (born 1945) — professional golfer. A sports legend, three-time winner of the U.S. Open. Born in Joplin and became one of the most successful players in PGA Tour history.
• Jamie McMurray (born 1976) — racing driver. A well-known pilot of the NASCAR series, winner of the prestigious "Daytona 500" race (2010), a native of Joplin.