The history of Meishan dates back to the 18th century, when the first settlers from the mainland began to arrive in these lands. Originally, the settlement was named Meizikeng, which literally translates to "Plum Valley" or "Plum Pit." This name arose due to the dense thickets of wild plum trees that covered the local hills and served as a landmark for travelers.
Key Factors of Development
Geographical Location: The town is situated in a strategically important spot at the foot of the Alishan mountain range. This made it a natural "gateway" to the mountains, connecting the Chiayi plains with the highlands.
Trade: Due to its location, Meishan quickly grew into a bustling trading post. It served as a place for the exchange of goods between the residents of the plains (salt, fabrics, tools) and the population of the mountain regions (timber, hides, game).
Early Cultural and Economic Features
The economy of early Meishan was built on utilizing the region's natural wealth. In addition to harvesting fruit, local residents were actively involved in processing bamboo, which grew here in abundance. The production of bamboo paper and handicrafts became an important source of income long before the region became famous for its tea plantations. The town's culture was shaped by the traditions of Chinese immigrants, adapted to life in the foothills.
Timeline
Key Milestones in Meishan’s History
Late 18th Century: Beginning of active settlement by pioneers and the formation of the village under its historical name, Meizikeng ("Plum Valley").
1906: A powerful earthquake (known as the Meishan earthquake) occurred in the region, causing significant destruction and leading to a subsequent reconstruction of infrastructure.
1920: During a large-scale administrative reform, the settlement was renamed Xiaomei ("Little Plum") and included in the Tainan Prefecture.
1946: The district received its current name, Meishan, and official status as a township.
1950: Following the adjustment of Taiwan's administrative boundaries, Meishan became part of Chiayi County.
1980s: Regional farmers began actively cultivating high-mountain Oolong tea, which radically changed the local economy and brought it worldwide fame.
1990s: Meishan began to develop as a popular destination for agrotourism and literary travel centered around local writers.
2017: The grand opening of the Taiping Suspension Bridge took place—the longest high-altitude landscape bridge on the island, becoming the district's new landmark.
2020: The local Yuxu Temple was granted the status of an important cultural center, and its rituals were recognized as significant intangible cultural heritage of the county.
Milestones
Stages of Meishan’s Development and Transformation
The history of Meishan’s development is a journey from a small trading post at the foot of the mountains to an important agrotourism center in Taiwan. Key events have shaped not only the town's architectural appearance but also its economic specialization.
Recovery After the Earthquake (1906):
A catastrophic 7.1 magnitude earthquake became a turning point in urban planning. The destruction of old buildings forced residents to rebuild the settlement from scratch using more earthquake-resistant technologies and modern materials, which changed the architectural look of the streets and the layout of the district.
Creation of the "36 Turns" Road Infrastructure (Mid-20th Century):
The construction of the winding road leading from the town center into the mountains was of decisive economic importance. This transport artery linked the plains with high-mountain villages, simplifying the export of agricultural products and laying the foundation for a future tourist route.
The "Tea Revolution" (1980s):
The transition of local farmers from growing rice and bamboo to cultivating high-mountain Oolong tea radically transformed the economy. Meishan became one of the key suppliers of elite Alishan tea, leading to increased prosperity for residents and the emergence of numerous teahouses.
Meishan Park Reconstruction (Modern Era):
The improvement of the hillside park solidified the town's status as the "plum blossom capital." The creation of convenient walking trails and observation decks turned the park into a cultural center that hosts annual festivals attracting thousands of visitors.
Opening of the Taiping Bridge (2017):
The commissioning of the longest high-altitude suspension bridge in Taiwan marked a transition toward the active development of the tourism sector. This landmark became a new symbol of the town, reorienting local businesses toward the service and hospitality industry.
Architecture
Architectural Identity and Urban Development
The architectural landscape of Meishan reflects its transformation from a humble trading post into a thriving agrotourism hub. The urban structure is clearly divided into two zones: the densely built administrative center at the foot of the mountains and the scattered farming settlements on the slopes, connected by a complex system of switchbacks.
Evolution of Styles and Historical Eras
Unlike major metropolises, Meishan does not feature European styles like Gothic or Baroque. Here, the architectural chronicle is written in the language of traditional Chinese craftsmanship, Japanese influence, and modern functionalism.
Traditional Minnan Style (18th — early 20th century):
Typical of early religious structures and old farmhouses. Key features include "swallowtail" curved roofs, the use of red brick, and rich wooden decor with intricate carvings. This style dominates religious centers, serving as a symbol of spiritual continuity.
Colonial Eclecticism and Vernacular Architecture (1900–1940s):
Following the 1906 earthquake, the area was rebuilt in accordance with Japanese urban planning standards. In mountain areas like Taiping, a specific type of "old street" development emerged: two-story buildings combining brickwork, wood, and tiled roofs, built closely together to conserve land.
Functionalism and Shophouses (1960–1990s):
A period of economic growth brought concrete multi-story structures faced with ceramic tiles to the city center. These are typical Taiwanese "shophouses," where the ground floor is dedicated to commerce (tea shops, stores) and the upper floors are for residential use. The style is utilitarian and devoid of excess.
Modern Eco-tech and Landscape Architecture (21st Century):
The newest facilities are integrated into the natural environment. Steel, glass, and suspended structures are used to minimize the impact on the terrain. The emphasis has shifted toward panoramic views and safety in a seismically active zone.
Iconic Architectural Landmarks
Several key landmarks representing different eras define Meishan’s skyline:
Yuxu Temple: The main architectural centerpiece of the town center. It is a monumental example of temple architecture with a richly decorated facade, a complex system of brackets (dougong), and vibrant polychrome paintings, symbolizing the religious heart of the district.
Taiping Old Street: A historical quarter in the highlands that has preserved the atmosphere of the early 20th century. Here, one can observe examples of how residential architecture was adapted to the mountain climate and terrain.
Taiping Suspension Bridge: A remarkable example of modern engineering. Spanning 281 meters, the structure soars over the valley, showcasing high-tech aesthetics while harmoniously blending into the mountain landscape with its smooth lines.
Notable People
Prominent Figures of Meishan
Meishan is the birthplace of talented writers, hardworking innovators, and a place that has inspired religious leaders. These individuals have made invaluable contributions to the culture, economy, and spiritual life of the region.
Zhang Wenhuan
Writer, editor, and social activist (1909–1978)
One of the most significant Taiwanese literary figures of the Japanese colonial period. A native of Meishan, he immortalized his homeland in his famous works, such as "The Castrated Chicken" and "Night Monkey." His work realistically describes the daily life and traditions of local residents. Today, a cultural center named after him operates in Meishan, and a "Literary Trail" has been established in the park.
Guo Qingbiao
Farmer and citrus cultivation pioneer (20th Century)
A local hero whose success story in the 1960s became the basis for the documentary film "Spring in Meishan." Guo Qingbiao played a key role in transforming the region's agriculture by popularizing citrus farming on rocky soils. His example and the introduction of a culture of savings helped many farmers escape poverty and laid the foundation for the district's economic prosperity.
Wang Qiongling
Writer, playwright, and professor (Contemporary)
A well-known modern author and Meishan native. In her novels and plays, she often turns to themes of her homeland, intertwining history with personal destinies. Along with Zhang Wenhuan, she is one of the key figures whose work is featured on the town's literary routes, attracting fans of intellectual tourism.
Cardinal Thomas Tien Ken-sin
Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (1890–1967)
The first cardinal of East Asian origin. Although he was not born in Meishan, his connection to the town is indelible: it was he who donated funds and initiated the construction of the National Shrine of Our Lady of China. Thanks to his contribution, Meishan became one of the most important centers of Catholic pilgrimage in Taiwan.
Zeng Yongli
Coffee master and community leader (Contemporary)
A veteran and enthusiast who has become the face of Meishan’s modern coffee industry. Living in the mountain village of Longyan, he was one of the first to develop elite coffee production, winning prestigious national awards. His efforts have helped turn the region into a popular destination for gastronomic tourism.