Terrace history

Origins and Foundation of the City

The history of the area where **Terrace** is located today dates back to ancient times. Long before the modern city appeared on maps, these lands were home to the Tsimshian Indigenous peoples (the Kitselas and Kitsumkalum bands), whose culture is inextricably linked to the Skeena River.

The founder of the modern settlement is considered to be **George Little**, who arrived here in March 1905. He was the first to appreciate the potential of this territory for permanent residence. The city received its name thanks to a unique geological feature — natural flat terraces descending in steps to the river.

Key Development Factors

The transformation of a small settlement into an important regional centre, often called the "Hub of the North," was driven by a number of reasons:

• Railway Connection: The construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway played a decisive role. The arrival of the railway in the early 20th century connected Terrace with the coast and the interior regions of Canada.
• Geography: Its location in the Skeena River valley made the city a natural transport corridor.
• Forest Resources: The surrounding dense forests became the base for the development of the logging industry, which was the engine of the local economy for a long time.

Early Economic Features

In the first decades of its development, Terrace surprised settlers with its potential. In addition to logging, agriculture began to develop actively here. Thanks to the valley's special microclimate, fruits and vegetables were successfully grown here, which was atypical for the northern latitudes of British Columbia. This combination of industrial power and agricultural opportunities laid a solid foundation for the city's future prosperity.

Timeline of Key Events

• Ancient Period: The territory along the Skeena River was inhabited for centuries by the Tsimshian Indigenous peoples (Kitselas and Kitsumkalum bands), who created a developed culture of fishing and trade here.
• 1893: Tom Thornhill becomes the first European settler in the area, establishing himself on the riverbank opposite the current city.
• 1905: City founder George Little arrives in the valley on snowshoes and identifies the site for the future settlement.
• 1912: The official street layout is conducted, and the first post office is opened; the settlement receives the name Terrace.
• 1914: The first Grand Trunk Pacific railway train arrives in the city, reliably connecting the region with the rest of Canada.
• 1925: The Old Skeena Bridge is opened, replacing the unreliable ferry crossing and accelerating transport development.
• 1927: Terrace officially receives village status, which was an important step in its administrative formation.
• 1942: During World War II, a large military camp is built here, temporarily increasing the population several times over.
• 1944: The "Terrace Mutiny" occurs in the military camp — a historic uprising of conscript soldiers, which became a notable event in Canadian military history.
• 1950s: The beginning of the logging industry boom and large-scale infrastructure development to support industrial projects in neighbouring Kitimat.
• 1987: Terrace changes its municipal status and is officially incorporated as a City.
• 2005: The city celebrates its centennial on a grand scale; the restoration of the historic George Little House is timed to coincide with this date.

Development Milestones and Their Significance

The history of Terrace is a journey from an isolated forest settlement to the main logistics and service centre of northwestern British Columbia. Each significant event not only changed the appearance of the city but also predetermined its economic role in the region.

• Railway Integration (1914):

  The arrival of the first Grand Trunk Pacific Railway train was a turning point. This event transformed Terrace from a hard-to-reach point on the map into a link in transcontinental trade, opening access to sales markets for local resources and ensuring an influx of new residents.

• Transformation of Military Infrastructure (1940s):

  The construction of a large military base during World War II left the city with a vital legacy — a modern airfield. Today, this is the Northwest Regional Airport, which is the busiest in the region and a key factor in the city's transport accessibility.

• Era of the "Cedar Capital" (Mid-20th Century):

  The logging boom secured Terrace the unofficial title of the "Cedar Pole Capital of the World." This formed the industrial character of the city, created thousands of jobs, and laid the economic foundation upon which the well-being of local families was built for decades.

• Role as a Service Hub for Kitimat (1950s):

  When the construction of an aluminium smelter began in neighbouring Kitimat, Terrace took on the role of a key rear and residential centre. This event diversified the economy: the city began to develop not only as an industrial hub but also as a trade and service node for the entire region.

• Formation of the "Crossroads of the North" (1970s — Present):

  The completion of the modernization of Highways 16 (Yellowhead) and 37 (Stewart-Cassiar) made Terrace a major transport hub. The intersection of these roads guarantees a constant flow of tourists and cargo heading to Alaska and the Yukon, which stimulates the development of the hotel business and retail trade.

• Development of Education and Culture (1975):

  The opening of the college (now Coast Mountain College) became an important milestone in social life. The appearance of a higher education institution allowed for the retention of youth in the region, the training of qualified personnel for local industry, and the enrichment of the city's cultural environment.

Architectural Appearance and Urban Environment

The architecture of Terrace cannot boast of Gothic cathedrals or Baroque palaces, which is typical for young North American cities. The city's appearance was formed in the 20th century and is dictated by stern practicality, the availability of timber, and the unique landscape. It is an example of how functionality intertwines with natural beauty and industrial heritage.

Main Construction Stages and Styles

The urban fabric of Terrace is woven from several distinct layers, each corresponding to a specific period of the region's economic development:

• Pioneer Era (Early 20th Century) — Wooden Architecture:

  The city's first buildings were constructed from local timber. These are simple, reliable structures designed for harsh winters. The style can be described as vernacular (folk) or "frontier style." A striking example is the George Little House. This building, with its characteristic veranda and gable roof, serves as a symbol of the city's founding and today functions as a tourist centre and museum.

• Industrial Boom (1950–1970s) — Functionalism and Mid-Century Modernism:

  The period of the logging boom and infrastructure construction for Kitimat brought concrete and standardized construction to the city. The city centre is dominated by low-rise commercial buildings of rectangular shapes with large display windows — typical North American functionalism. Residential areas of this time are built up with single-story bungalows (ranch-style houses) with spacious plots, reflecting the ideals of post-war suburbanization.

• Engineering Architecture:

  Bridges are an important part of the city's visual image. The Old Skeena Bridge is a monument to early 20th-century engineering thought. Its steel trusses create a recognizable silhouette against the backdrop of mountains and the river, reminding us of the importance of transport routes for the city's survival.

• Modern Stage — Neo-Traditionalism and West Coast Style:

  In recent decades, the influence of the culture of the Tsimshian Indigenous peoples and the "West Coast style" has been increasingly traced in the architecture of public buildings. This is expressed in the use of massive cedar beams, large glazed surfaces for natural lighting, and the integration of totem poles or traditional ornaments into building facades.

Urban Planning Features

The layout of Terrace is unique in that it literally follows its name. The city is located on natural flat steps (terraces) descending to the Skeena River. This created natural zoning:

• Lower Levels: Historically used for industry and transport (railway).
• Middle and Upper Levels: Designated for residential development and the commercial centre, which provides residents with protection from floods and beautiful views of the valley.
• Wide Streets: The street layout is characterized by spaciousness, which was established by George Little and later adapted for the car culture characteristic of North America.

Distinguished Figures of Terrace

Terrace, despite its modest size, has become the birthplace and home for many talented people who have achieved success on the national and world stage. From the pioneers who laid the foundation of the city to modern sports and art stars — these personalities have brought fame to the region far beyond its borders.

• George Little
  City Founder, Entrepreneur

  A key figure in the history of Terrace. Arriving in the Skeena River valley on snowshoes in 1905, he assessed the potential of the area and donated part of his land to the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway free of charge, which ensured the construction of the station right here. His home is a historical monument and museum today.

• Crystal Pite
  Choreographer, Dancer

  A native of Terrace who has become one of the most sought-after choreographers in the world. Founder of the Kidd Pivot company. An Officer of the Order of Canada and a laureate of the prestigious British Laurence Olivier Award. Her works are staged in the best theatres on the planet, including the Paris Opera and the Royal Ballet in London.

• Wade Flaherty
  Ice Hockey Player (Goaltender), NHL Coach

  A professional hockey player born in Terrace. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for clubs such as the San Jose Sharks and the New York Islanders. After finishing his playing career, he became a successful goaltending coach, working with teams at the level of the Winnipeg Jets.

• Ian Bagg
  Stand-up Comedian, Actor

  A popular comedian who began his life's journey in Terrace. He gained international fame thanks to his performances in North America and participation in the finale of the popular show "Last Comic Standing." Known for his style of interacting with the audience and active touring schedule.

• Freda Diesing
  Artist, Master Carver (Haida)

  Although Freda was born in Prince Rupert, her life and legacy are closely connected with Terrace. She was one of the first female wood carvers on the Northwest Coast and played a decisive role in the revival of Indigenous art. The Freda Diesing School of Northwest Coast Art at the local college is named in her honour.

• Jason Haldane
  Volleyball Player, Olympian

  A world-class athlete born in Terrace. He built a successful career in professional volleyball, playing for clubs across Europe. A participant in the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London as part of the Great Britain team.

• Dale Kushner
  Ice Hockey Player

  Another representative of the Terrace hockey school who made it to the sports elite. He played in the NHL for the New York Islanders and the Philadelphia Flyers in the 1990s, inspiring local young athletes with his example.