Yangyang history

Foundation and First Mentions

The history of Yangyang is rooted in the Three Kingdoms period, when these lands were under the control of the Goguryeo state and bore the name Ikhyeon. Subsequently, during the Unified Silla period, the region changed its name to Iknyeong. The modern name "Yangyang" was officially established for the city in 1221, during the Goryeo Dynasty, marking an elevation in its administrative status.

Key Development Factors

• Geography: The unique location between the majestic Seoraksan mountains and the coast of the East Sea secured the city's role as a natural link between mountain settlements and maritime routes.
• Transport Hub: Thanks to its location on the eastern coast, Yangyang historically served as an important transit point through which routes connecting the northern and southern regions of the peninsula passed.

Early Cultural and Economic Features

The spiritual life of the region has been closely linked with Buddhism since ancient times. A significant event was the founding of the Naksansa Temple in 671 by the monk Uisang, which turned the area into an important religious centre. The economy of early Yangyang relied on a combination of fishing and agriculture, utilising the riches of the sea and the fertile valleys at the foot of the mountains.

Major Historical Milestones

• 671 — Foundation of the famous Buddhist temple Naksansa by the monk Uisang, becoming the spiritual centre of the region.
• 1221 — Official establishment of the name "Yangyang" and elevation of the territory's administrative status during the Goryeo Dynasty era.
• 1416 — Administrative reform of the Joseon Dynasty, establishing a governance structure for the region that remained for many years.
• 1970 — Designation of the Seoraksan mountains, part of which is located in Yangyang, as a national park.
• 1979 — Elevation of the central district's status to the level of a town (eup), reflecting urbanisation and local development.
• 2002 — Opening of Yangyang International Airport, providing air connections between Gangwon Province and other countries.
• 2005 — Start of a large-scale project to restore Naksansa Temple and the surrounding forests following a major fire.
• 2017 — Launch of the Seoul-Yangyang Expressway, significantly reducing travel time from the capital and increasing the flow of tourists.
• 2020s — Active development of the coastal zone and the city's emergence as the main centre of surfing culture in South Korea.

Stages of Development and Transformation

Yangyang has come a long way from a quiet coastal county to one of the most dynamically developing tourist centres in South Korea. The modern appearance of the city has been formed thanks to a number of key infrastructure and cultural projects.

• Creation of Seoraksan National Park (1970). Assigning national park status to the mountain range was the starting point for the development of organised eco-tourism. This decision not only protected the unique ecosystem but also attracted investment to the region for the creation of tourist trails and recreation bases, making Yangyang a prime destination for hikers.
• Construction of Yangyang International Airport (2002). The opening of the air harbour was an ambitious step towards transforming the region into an international hub. The airport provided a direct link between Gangwon Province and other Asian countries, significantly simplifying logistics for international guests and boosting the hospitality sector.
• Restoration of Naksansa Temple (2005–2009). After a devastating fire, the large-scale restoration of the temple became a symbol of the city's cultural resilience. The project combined the efforts of the state and residents, allowing not only the restoration of buildings but also the renovation of the surrounding park area, turning it into a modern space for meditation and cultural leisure.
• Launch of the Salmon Festival. The establishment of an annual festival dedicated to the migration of salmon in the Namdaecheon River has played an important role in the city's economy. This event highlighted the ecological purity of the region and created a unique tourism brand that attracts thousands of guests every autumn.
• Opening of the Seoul-Yangyang Expressway (2017). The completion of the expressway was a true transport revolution. Reducing travel time from the capital to 90 minutes turned Yangyang into an accessible weekend resort, leading to a boom in the real estate market and the opening of many new cafes and dining establishments.
• Formation of "Surfyy Beach" Culture (2010s – Present). In recent years, the city has undergone a radical image change, transforming into the surfing capital of Korea. The development of specialised beaches and recreation zones has attracted a youth audience, changing the demographic profile of tourists and stimulating the development of creative industries on the coast.

Architectural Appearance: From Ancient Shrines to Resort Modernity

The architecture of Yangyang represents a unique fusion of historical heritage and modern tourist urbanism. The city does not have a single dense centre with high-rise buildings; instead, its appearance is formed by separate clusters, harmoniously blended into the landscape between the Seoraksan mountains and the coast of the East Sea.

Traditional Korean Architecture (Silla and Joseon Eras)

The historical foundation of the region lies in Buddhist temple architecture. Buildings of this period are distinguished by strict adherence to canons of harmony with nature, using natural wood and stone.

• Style: Traditional Korean architecture (Hanok).
• Characteristic features: Curved tiled roofs with raised eaves, decorative "dancheong" painting (bright patterns on beams), and open pavilions.
• Iconic object: Naksansa Temple. The complex is a standard of sacred architecture. Of particular note is the Uisangdae Pavilion, located on the edge of a cliff. Its construction demonstrates the skill of ancient engineers who managed to fit the structure into the complex terrain without disrupting the natural aesthetic.

Thematic Architecture and Eclecticism (21st Century)

With Yangyang's transformation into a popular resort, a trend for stylisation appeared in urban planning. To attract tourists, architects began creating complexes that visually cite European styles, creating an interesting contrast with the local nature.

• Style: Postmodernism, Spanish Colonial style (Neo-Mediterranean).
• Iconic object: Sol Beach Resort. The region's most recognisable modern architectural ensemble. Buildings with white walls, red tiles, arched windows, and towers reproduce the atmosphere of Spanish Andalusia, bringing elements of European classics to the Korean coast.

Modern Functionalism and "Surf-Urbanism"

The development of transport accessibility and surfing culture has shaped the new look of coastal districts. Low-rise buildings oriented towards leisure and creative industries predominate here.

• Style: Minimalism, industrial loft, eco-style.
• District development: Beach zones (for example, the Ingye district and Surfyy Beach) have transformed into modern public spaces. Old fishing structures are being renovated into trendy cafes and surf shops using concrete, glass, and untreated wood.
• Iconic object: Yangyang International Airport. The terminal building is designed in the style of modern functionalism: strict geometric forms and an abundance of glass and steel symbolise the region's technological advancement and openness to the world.

Historical Figures and Spiritual Leaders

• Uisang (625–702) — Great Buddhist Master and Philosopher.
  Founder of Naksansa Temple, one of Yangyang's main shrines. According to legend, it was here, on the coastal cliffs, that the Bodhisattva Guanyin appeared to him during prayer. His work turned the region into a major pilgrimage centre, a status it has maintained for over 1,300 years.
• Jo Hwa-byeok (1895–1975) — Independence Activist.
  A heroine of the national liberation movement, known for her key role in the events of 1919 in Yangyang. As a student, she secretly brought the text of the Declaration of Independence into the city, hiding it in her clothing. Her courage served as the spark for mass peaceful demonstrations by local residents against the colonial regime.

Modern Cultural and Sports Figures

• Park Ha-jun (born 2000) — Olympic Medalist, Shooter.
  A native of Yangyang who brought fame to his hometown on the world stage. He won a silver medal in air rifle shooting at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. His success has become a symbol of the sporting potential of Gangwon Province.
• Kim Yoo-mi (born 1979) — Film and Television Actress.
  Born and raised in Yangyang. She built a successful career in the Korean entertainment industry, starring in many popular dramas (such as "Cruel City") and films. She is one of the most recognisable media personalities hailing from this county.
• Park Gwang-hyun (born 1977) — Actor and Singer.
  A talented artist born in Yangyang. He won the love of the public thanks to roles in romantic series and participation in musical projects. He actively maintains a connection with his homeland, participating in regional cultural initiatives.