Gizo history

The history of Gizo is inextricably linked to the sea and the unique traditions of the region. The city, located on the island of the same name, has become a vital administrative and trading hub in the western part of the Solomon Islands archipelago.

Foundation and First Mentions

Unlike many ancient settlements, Gizo formed as a significant populated area relatively recently, in the late 19th century. Initially, the island was known for its local inhabitants, who were renowned for their seafaring skills. Gizo acquired the status of a town and the administrative centre of the Western Province in 1899, when the colonial administration selected it due to its convenient strategic location.

Key Factors of Establishment

Several important circumstances contributed to the city's development, transforming it into the "capital" of the western islands:

• Geography and Harbour: Gizo possesses one of the most convenient and protected harbours in the region. Coral reefs create a natural barrier, making the port a safe haven for vessels in any weather.
• Trade Routes: The city quickly became a central node for traders moving between the islands. Here, the exchange of copra, mother-of-pearl, and other gifts of the sea took place.
• Administrative Status: The placement of government institutions here attracted settlers and promoted the development of infrastructure.

Early Cultural and Economic Features

From the very beginning, Gizo was distinguished by cultural diversity. The city's economy was built around the ocean: fishing and servicing merchant vessels were the main occupations of the population. A distinct feature of the region became the blending of traditions of indigenous Melanesians and settlers from other Pacific islands, which formed a unique, welcoming atmosphere that remains here to this day.

Key Historical Milestones

• 1899: The British colonial administration establishes a post on the island, and Gizo officially becomes the administrative centre of the region.
• 1942: During the Pacific Campaign of World War II, the city and surrounding territories are occupied by Japanese troops.
• 1943: In Blackett Strait, not far from the city, the famous sinking of the torpedo boat PT-109 occurs under the command of future US President John F. Kennedy.
• 1978: The Solomon Islands declare independence from Great Britain, while the city retains its status as the capital of the Western Province.
• 2007: A devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 8.1 and the subsequent tsunami cause serious damage to buildings and infrastructure.
• 2011: Completion of the restoration and consecration of the new St. Peter's Cathedral, which became a symbol of the city's rebirth after the natural disaster.
• Present time: The city strengthens its position as the main centre for diving and tourism in the western part of the archipelago.

Key Stages of Transformation

The development of the city went hand in hand with changes affecting the entire Solomon Islands. From a small colonial outpost, Gizo grew into a dynamic centre where maritime traditions, trade, and modern tourism intertwine. Here are the main milestones that defined the current appearance of the city:

• Establishment of the Administrative Centre (1899).
  This step became the starting point for the urbanization of the island. The transformation of a fishing stop into the official capital of the Western Province launched the construction of government buildings and formed the first urban layout oriented towards the convenience of regional management.
• Creation of a Deep-Water Port.
  Thanks to the natural features of the harbour, the city became the main trading hub in the west of the archipelago. The construction of berths for large vessels allowed for the stable export of copra and the receipt of industrial goods, laying the economic foundation of the settlement.
• Migration Wave from the Gilbert Islands (1950s).
  The resettlement of families from present-day Kiribati radically changed the cultural code of the city. New residents brought their unique fishing and craft skills, making the society multicultural and more open, which is a hallmark of the city today.
• Opening of Nusatupe Airport.
  The launch of regular air services on the neighbouring islet brought the city out of isolation. Fast connections with the capital and the outside world gave a powerful boost to business activity and allowed for the reception of international guests, bypassing long sea voyages.
• Post-Crisis Reconstruction (after 2007).
  The destructive tsunami became a catalyst for large-scale urban renewal. Restoration proceeded according to new safety standards: earthquake-resistant buildings, a new hospital, and modern infrastructure facilities were erected, changing the architectural appearance of the coastline.
• Formation of the Diving Industry.
  The transition from a purely agrarian-trading economy to the service sector became an important milestone. The opening of specialised centres and hotels turned the city into a global attraction point for divers, ensuring an inflow of currency and jobs.
• Modernisation of the City Waterfront and Market.
  The improvement of the coastal zone cemented its status as the heart of public life. The renovated market became not just a place of trade, but a key space for social interaction among residents of different islands of the province.

The architectural appearance of Gizo differs significantly from the familiar urban landscapes of large metropolises. Here you will not find high-rise buildings or monumental palaces; the city's development is dictated by the tropical climate, functionality, and the need to withstand natural elements. The city stretches along the coastline, and its architecture represents an eclectic combination of colonial heritage, traditional island huts, and modern earthquake-resistant structures.

Main Architectural Styles and Eras

The urban development of the city can be roughly divided into three key stages, each of which has left its mark on the look of the streets:

• Tropical Colonial Style (Late 19th — Mid 20th Century).
  This period is characterised by administrative and residential buildings raised on stilts for protection against dampness and insects. Distinctive features include wide verandas encircling the house to create shade, high ceilings, and louvered windows ensuring natural ventilation. Although many historical buildings have suffered from time and the elements, their influence can still be traced in the design of local hotels and old government offices.
• Traditional Melanesian Architecture.
  This style, indigenous to the Solomon Islands region, is widely used in the private sector and tourist bungalows on the outskirts. The main feature is the use of natural materials: roofs made of sago palm leaves, woven walls of bamboo, and frames made of hardwoods. Such structures fit perfectly into the landscape and ensure coolness in the heat.
• Modern Functionalism and Reconstruction (21st Century).
  After the devastating tsunami of 2007, the architectural vector shifted towards safety. New buildings are constructed from reinforced concrete and steel, with simplified geometry and durable metal roofs. This is a pragmatic style, devoid of excesses, but vital for a region with high seismic activity.

Landmark Buildings and Districts

The appearance of the central part of the city is formed by several key objects serving as landmarks for travellers:

• St. Peter's Cathedral.
  The undisputed architectural dominant of the city. The new cathedral building was opened after the city's reconstruction and stands out for its size against the backdrop of low-rise buildings. It is a striking example of modern Pacific church architecture: a spacious bright hall, stained glass elements, and a high roof resembling the shape of a canoe prow.
• MSG Street (Main Street).
  The main artery of the city, running along the waterfront. Located here are shops, warehouses, and offices, many of which are built in the style of Chinese trading houses characteristic of all Oceania: the ground floor is dedicated to trade, and the facade is often adorned with a canopy protecting pedestrians from the sun and rain.
• City Market.
  Although this is a utilitarian structure, it is the city-forming core. The market represents a complex of open pavilions with sturdy canopies, located right by the water. Architecture here is secondary to function, but it is this open space that creates a unique atmosphere of lively communication.

Distinguished Personalities

The history of the city of Gizo and the Western Province is intertwined with the fates of people whose names are known far beyond the Solomon Islands archipelago. From heroes of the Second World War to modern reformers, these figures have left a noticeable mark on the chronicles of the region.

• John Fitzgerald Kennedy — 35th President of the USA.
  During World War II, as a young Navy lieutenant, he commanded the torpedo boat PT-109. The boat was sunk by a Japanese destroyer in Blackett Strait, in the immediate vicinity of Gizo. The story of the rescue of his crew on a tiny reef, now known as Kennedy Island, is the main historical legend of these places.
• Biuku Gasa — Coastwatcher (Scout).
  A local resident who, together with his partner, discovered Kennedy's sheltering crew. It was he who helped deliver the famous message scratched on a coconut shell to the allies, which led to the successful evacuation of the sailors.
• Eroni Kumana — Coastwatcher (Scout).
  Partner of Biuku Gasa, who played a decisive role in the operation to rescue the crew of PT-109. His bravery, seafaring skills, and knowledge of local geography became an important part of the region's historical heritage.
• Gordon Darcy Lilo — Statesman.
  Former Prime Minister of the country (2011–2014) and a long-time Member of Parliament for the Gizo/Kolombangara constituency. He made a significant contribution to the administrative development of the city, strengthening its status as a key centre in the west of the country.
• Luciano Capelli — Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Gizo.
  A clergyman of Italian origin who became a key figure in the restoration of the city after the devastating tsunami of 2007. Under his leadership, the new St. Peter's Cathedral was erected, becoming a symbol of the community's rebirth.
• Lanelle Tanangada — Politician, Minister of Education.
  She became the first woman elected as a Member of Parliament for the Gizo/Kolombangara constituency. Her activity in high government posts symbolises social progress and the growing role of women in the governance of the region.