History of Kulhudhuffushi

Foundation and First Mentions

The exact date of the foundation of the settlement known today as Kulhudhuffushi is lost in the depths of time, yet the island has been inhabited since ancient eras. The city's name is closely tied to its unique landscape and derives from the local word "kulhi," meaning mangroves. These natural formations historically occupied a significant part of the island, making it distinguishable among other lands comprising the Maldives.

Key Factors of Formation

The transformation of Kulhudhuffushi into the "Heart of the North" of the archipelago was driven by several reasons:

• Geographic Location: Being one of the largest islands in the northern atolls, it became a natural centre of attraction for neighbouring settlements.
• Administrative Status: The island early on acquired significance as the capital of Haa Dhaalu Atoll, concentrating the administrative and commercial power of the region.
• Maritime Navigation: Convenient approaches to the island facilitated the development of seafaring and inter-regional trade.

Early Cultural and Economic Features

The economic foundation of early Kulhudhuffushi was built on unique crafts. The island became famous throughout the region for the production of high-quality coir rope (made from coconut fibre), which was highly valued by seafarers of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the locals were known as skilled shipbuilders and experienced fishermen. In the past, shark fishing flourished here, which also brought significant income to the island and shaped a specific lifestyle oriented towards the sea.

Development Timeline

• Early 20th Century: Kulhudhuffushi is definitively established as the main trade and craft centre in the northern part of the Maldives archipelago.
• 1960s: Active development of maritime transport and trade with other atolls, strengthening the island's economy.
• 2010: The enactment of the Decentralization Act officially cements the island's status as the administrative capital of Haa Dhaalu Atoll.
• 2017: Launch of a large-scale land reclamation project for the construction of a runway.
• August 2018: Opening of its own airport, ensuring regular air connections with the capital Malé and tourist zones.
• 2019: Significant expansion and modernisation of the regional hospital, becoming the key medical facility for the entire north of the country.
• January 1, 2020: By presidential decree, Kulhudhuffushi is officially granted City status, giving new impetus to the development of urban infrastructure.
• 2021: Launch of renewable energy development projects and installation of solar panels to meet the needs of the growing city.

Growth Drivers and Significant Transformations

The path that Kulhudhuffushi has travelled from a small settlement to an urban centre is inextricably linked to a series of key events. These milestones defined not only the city's appearance but also its exceptional role in the economy of the northern part of the Maldives.

• Establishment as a Craft Centre

  Historical specialisation in the production of coir rope became the island's first economic engine. This unique craft not only provided employment for the population but also made the island famous as a reliable trading partner throughout the region.

• Development of Port Infrastructure

  The transformation of the local harbour into a full-fledged commercial port secured the city's status as the main logistics hub of the north. This allowed for direct cargo deliveries and stimulated the development of small businesses dependent on imports.

• Formation of a Medical Cluster

  The modernisation and expansion of the Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital had critical social significance. The city became a centre of medical tourism for residents of neighbouring atolls, leading to the development of related service sectors (pharmacies, accommodation rentals, transport).

• Integration into the Air Network

  The opening of the airport in 2018 radically changed the region's transport accessibility. The possibility of rapid air travel to the capital increased the city's investment attractiveness and opened doors for business travellers.

• Creation of an Educational Hub

  The opening of a National University campus and the development of strong schools turned the city into an intellectual centre. This allows for retaining talented youth on the island, forming a qualified workforce for the local economy.

• Attaining City Status

  The assignment of official "City" status in 2020 became the legal recognition of the island's urbanisation. This event opened access to increased state funding and launched large-scale projects for landscaping and urban environment development.

Architectural Evolution and Urban Landscape

The architectural appearance of Kulhudhuffushi represents a living chronicle of the transformation of a traditional island settlement into a modern urban centre. Unlike resort islands, dense residential development prevails here, reflecting the real life and routine of the local population.

Traditional Architecture: The Coral Stone Era

The historical layer of the city's architecture is linked to the use of local natural materials. Before the advent of modern construction technologies, the foundation of buildings was coral stone (hirigaa).

• Style and Materials: Traditional houses were built from hewn coral blocks held together with lime mortar. Carved wooden lattices were used for ventilation, and roofs were covered with palm leaves (later replaced by corrugated iron).
• Heritage: Although most residential structures have been modernised, elements of this style have been preserved in old mosques and fragments of historical buildings in the island's centre. These buildings are distinguished by their modest size and harmony with the tropical climate.

Modern Stage: Functionalism and Colour

With economic development and obtaining city status, the Maldives began implementing new construction standards. Modern Kulhudhuffushi is an eclectic mix of concrete, glass, and bright colours.

• Residential Development: Single-storey houses have been replaced by two- and three-storey cottages with flat terrace roofs. A characteristic feature is the use of saturated colours in facade finishing—from turquoise to bright pink, giving the streets a cheerful look.
• Public Buildings: Administrative buildings, schools, and the Regional Hospital are designed in the style of modern functionalism. They are characterised by simple geometric forms, large windows, and utility designed to ensure comfort in a hot climate.

Urban Development and Zoning

The city layout has undergone significant changes, adapting to population growth and new economic realities.

• Port Zone: The harbour area is the economic core of the city. Commercial architecture is concentrated here: warehouses, shops, and markets, forming the lively trading facade of the island.
• New Territories: The construction of the airport on reclaimed land created a new urban planning vector. This zone features wider roads and modern infrastructure, contrasting with the narrow, cosy streets of the historical centre.
• Street Network: The city has a fairly regular street grid, which facilitates navigation. Central thoroughfares are asphalted and landscaped, becoming centres of social life in the evening.

Prominent Personalities and Iconic Figures

The history of such a significant centre as Kulhudhuffushi is inextricably linked with the people who shaped its cultural code, defended its sovereignty, and contributed to its transformation into a modern city. Residents of the island, part of the Maldives, are especially proud of their fellow countrymen who have brought fame to their homeland at the national level.

• Corporal Hussain Adam
  Serviceman, National Hero of the Maldives
  A native of Kulhudhuffushi who became a symbol of courage for the entire country. He heroically died on November 3, 1988, defending the National Security Service headquarters in Malé during an attempted coup d'état. His sacrifice bought time for reinforcements to arrive. Streets and institutions are named in his honour, and he is revered on the island as the city's greatest son.
• Adam Naseer Ibrahim
  Poet, Writer, Literary Figure
  One of the country's most respected contemporary men of letters, born in Kulhudhuffushi. His work has made a significant contribution to the preservation and development of the Dhivehi language. A laureate of the National Award, he popularises the culture and traditions of the northern atolls through his works.
• Sultan Mohamed Thakurufaanu
  Sultan, National Leader (16th Century)
  Although the legendary hero was born on the neighbouring island of Utheemu, his activities are inextricably linked to the entire Haa Dhaalu region. Kulhudhuffushi was historically part of the Sultan's belt of loyalty and served as an important resource centre during his liberation struggle against Portuguese colonisers.
• Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
  Statesman, President of the Maldives (2018–2023)
  A politician who played a key role in the island's recent history. It was by his decree on January 1, 2020, that Kulhudhuffushi was officially granted City status, legally cementing its position as the northern capital and opening new opportunities for urbanisation.
• Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom
  Statesman, President of the Maldives (2013–2018)
  The initiator of large-scale infrastructure projects that changed the face of the island. During his tenure, the decision was made and construction began on the regional airport on reclaimed land, which became a turning point in the city's transport accessibility.