Sukkur

Sukkur is a vibrant and historically significant city located in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Situated on the western bank of the mighty Indus River, it serves as a crucial commercial and cultural hub for the region. With a population of approximately 500,000, Sukkur is the third-largest city in Sindh, offering a unique atmosphere where ancient traditions blend seamlessly with the hustle and bustle of daily life.

The city boasts a rich heritage that dates back centuries, making it a fascinating destination for history buffs. Exploring the history of Sukkur reveals a narrative shaped by various dynasties and its strategic position along the river, which has long made it a gateway for trade and travel. The climate here is generally hot and arid, typical of the desert regions of Sindh, with the river providing a refreshing contrast to the landscape.

Travelers are drawn to Sukkur for its remarkable architectural landmarks. The most iconic of these is the Sukkur Barrage (formerly Lloyd Barrage), a colossal engineering marvel that spans the Indus and is pivotal to the region's irrigation. The skyline is also graced by the historic Lansdowne Bridge and the Ayub Bridge, which connect Sukkur to the neighboring town of Rohri. Another must-visit site is Sadh Belo, a stunning Hindu temple complex located on an island in the river, accessible by a short boat ride.

Whether you are admiring the engineering feats of the bridges at sunset or wandering through local bazaars, Sukkur offers a distinct and memorable experience. It is a destination that invites you to discover the heart of Sindh and enjoy the warm hospitality of its people.

The climate in this region is defined by distinct seasonal variations, predominantly featuring hot summers and mild winters. During the peak of summer, particularly in June, the heat can be intense with average temperatures reaching 35.8°C and highs soaring up to 42.0°C. Conversely, the winter months provide a comfortable respite; for instance, January sees average temperatures around 15.2°C, making it a popular time for sightseeing.

Rainfall is quite scarce throughout the year, maintaining the city's arid character. While July and August may bring a slight increase in humidity and a few wet days, precipitation levels remain very low, rarely exceeding 3mm. For a more comprehensive breakdown of what to expect during your specific travel dates, you can check the current weather in Sukkur. Overall, visitors should prepare for scorching heat in the middle of the year and enjoy the pleasant, dry conditions of the winter season.

Beyond the main attractions, Sukkur holds many fascinating secrets that add layers of mystery and charm to its character. Digging a little deeper reveals stories of ancient folklore, rare wildlife, and engineering triumphs that are often missed by casual observers.

• The Legend of the Seven Sisters: One of the city's most mysterious sites is Sateen Jo Aastan, or the "Abode of the Seven Friends." Local folklore tells the story of seven pious women who, to escape the advances of a tyrannical governor, prayed for the earth to swallow them whole. The ground reportedly opened up to protect them, and today, their beautifully tiled tomb complex stands as a scenic spot overlooking the river.

• Home of the Blind Dolphin: The waters of the Indus River around Sukkur are a sanctuary for the rare Indus River dolphin, locally known as the Bhulan. These unique mammals are functionally blind and rely on sophisticated echolocation to navigate the murky waters. This stretch of the river is one of the few places on Earth where this endangered species can still be found.

• The Leaning Tower of Sindh: The Masum Shah Jo Minaro is an architectural curiosity dating back to the Mughal era. Built from red brick, this 84-foot watchtower is slightly tilted, drawing comparisons to other famous leaning structures. Visitors who climb its spiral staircase are rewarded with a panoramic view of the entire city.

• A Bridge Shipped from London: The iconic Lansdowne Bridge was a massive logistical feat for the 19th century. The intricate ironwork was originally manufactured in London and assembled there to ensure a perfect fit. It was then dismantled and shipped all the way to Pakistan (then British India) to be reassembled over the Indus, holding the record as the longest rigid girder bridge in the world upon its completion.

Reaching Sukkur is relatively straightforward, as the city is a major transport hub in the Sindh province. Whether you prefer flying or taking the train, there are several options available. For a detailed breakdown of routes and transport schedules, you can read more about how to get to Sukkur to help plan your journey effectively.

The most convenient way to arrive is via Sukkur Airport (SKZ), which is located just outside the city center. It handles regular domestic flights from major Pakistani cities like Karachi, Islamabad, and Lahore. If direct flights are unavailable, you can fly into airports in neighboring cities and complete the journey by road.

One such alternative is the Rahim Yar Khan Airport (RYK), located in the city of Rahimyar Khan. This airport is approximately 161 km from Sukkur. Since it is a smaller regional airport with limited traffic, flight options may be fewer, but it serves as a viable entry point for the region. A taxi or private car transfer from Rahimyar Khan to Sukkur typically takes about 2.5 to 3 hours via the National Highway.

Another option is the Dera Ghazi Khan Airport (DEA), situated in Dera Ghazi Khan. It is significantly farther, at a distance of about 296 km from Sukkur. Travel time by road from this airport is approximately 4.5 to 5 hours. While it handles a modest amount of passenger traffic, it provides an alternative route for travelers exploring the wider region.

For clarity, here is a summary of the nearby airports listed in the database:

Beyond air travel, Sukkur is a critical railway junction. The Rohri Junction Railway Station, located just across the Indus River from Sukkur, is one of the busiest and most significant stations in Pakistan's railway network. It is a major stop on the main line connecting Karachi to Peshawar, making train travel a very popular and scenic way to reach the city. Buses and coaches also frequently connect Sukkur to Hyderabad, Karachi, and Multan via the National Highway N-5, offering budget-friendly travel options.

Sukkur Barrage

As the most defining landmark of the city, the Sukkur Barrage is not just an engineering masterpiece but also a popular recreational spot. Completed in 1932, this massive structure features 66 distinct spans and controls the flow of the Indus River to irrigate millions of acres of farmland. Tourists often visit the site to walk along the promenade, admire the sheer scale of the barrage, and visit the small museum nearby that details its construction history. The area is particularly scenic at sunset when the river glimmers under the fading light.

Lab-e-Mehran

For those seeking a relaxing escape and the best views in town, Lab-e-Mehran is the place to be. This expansive public park is situated along the riverbank, offering lush green lawns, walking tracks, and well-maintained gardens. It is famous for providing a stunning panoramic view of the Indus River and the trio of bridges—Lansdowne, Ayub, and the barrage itself. Families and travelers flock here in the evenings to enjoy the cool river breeze and take memorable photographs of the illuminated bridges.

Sadh Belo

Located on a small island in the middle of the Indus River, Sadh Belo is a magnificent Hindu temple complex that dates back to 1823. Accessible only by a short boat ride, the journey itself adds to the charm of the visit. Once on the island, visitors are greeted by intricate marble carvings, spacious courtyards, and a serene atmosphere that feels worlds away from the city's noise. It is a significant site for pilgrims and a fascinating architectural gem for tourists interested in the region's diverse cultural heritage.

Ghanta Ghar

Standing at the heart of the city, the Ghanta Ghar, or Clock Tower, is a symbol of Sukkur’s colonial past and vibrant present. Built to mark the Silver Jubilee of King George V, this tower serves as a central orientation point surrounded by bustling markets and bazaars. Visitors can explore the lively streets radiating from the tower to shop for local handicrafts, taste traditional Sindhi street food, and experience the energetic daily life of the local residents.

The culinary landscape of Sukkur is deeply influenced by its location along the banks of the Indus River, offering a distinct flavor profile that sets it apart within the Sindh province. The city is a haven for seafood lovers, with freshwater fish playing a central role in the local diet. A trip here is incomplete without trying the famous Palla Machhi (Hilsa fish). This delicacy is typically prepared in various ways, though it is most popularly enjoyed fried with a blend of aromatic spices or cooked in a rich, tangy gravy that highlights the unique taste of the river catch.

Beyond seafood, the region is celebrated for its spicy and flavorful Sindhi Biryani. Unlike other variations found across the country, this version is known for its generous use of dried plums, potatoes, and a fiery spice mix that gives it a zesty kick. Vegetarians will appreciate Sai Bhaji, a nutritious spinach and lentil curry often served with Bhuga Chawal, which is rice cooked with caramelized onions. For breakfast, the city wakes up to the traditional combination of Halwa Puri, served piping hot from street stalls.

To beat the intense desert heat, locals rely on a variety of refreshing traditional beverages. Thadal is a signature Sindhi drink made from almonds, poppy seeds, cardamom, and rose petals, offering a cooling effect that is perfect for summer afternoons. Fresh Sugarcane Juice and sweet or salty Lassi (yogurt drink) are also widely available at nearly every street corner. While tea, or Chai, remains the universal staple for social gatherings, these cold drinks are the true saviors during the warmer months.

The food culture in Sukkur is vibrant and communal, often centered around bustling markets and the riverside. The area around the Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower) transforms into a lively food hub in the evenings, where vendors sell everything from spicy snacks to grilled meats. For a more scenic dining experience, visitors often head towards the riverbanks near the barrage, where numerous eateries serve fresh fried fish with a view of the water. The atmosphere is casual and welcoming, with the aroma of spices filling the air and locals eager to share their culinary heritage with visitors.

Visiting Sukkur offers a fascinating glimpse into the soul of Sindh, but like any historic city with deep-rooted traditions, a little preparation goes a long way. To ensure your journey is as smooth and enjoyable as possible, here are some essential practical tips to keep in mind while exploring this riverside gem.

1. Dress Conservatively and for the Heat: Since the climate is hot and arid for most of the year, lightweight, breathable cotton fabrics are your best friend. However, Sindh is a conservative region, so both men and women should dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. A shalwar kameez (traditional tunic and trousers) is not only respectful but also incredibly comfortable in the heat. Women should carry a scarf (dupatta) to cover their heads when visiting religious sites like the shrines or the Sadh Belo temple.

2. Navigating the City: There is no metro system in Sukkur. The most common and convenient mode of transport is the auto-rickshaw (often called a "rickshaw" or "qinqui"). They are perfect for navigating narrow bazaar streets. Taxis are available but less common than in major metropolises like Karachi. Ride-hailing apps may have limited availability, so it is often easier to flag down a rickshaw; just be sure to negotiate and agree on the fare before hopping in.

3. Cash is King: The local currency is the Pakistani Rupee (PKR). While some high-end hotels might accept credit cards, cash is essential for almost everything else, including local eateries, rickshaws, and shopping in the bazaars. ATMs are widely available in the city center, particularly near the Clock Tower area. It is wise to keep smaller denominations handy for small purchases and tipping, which is appreciated but not mandatory.

4. Stay Hydrated and Safe: Due to the intense heat, dehydration is a real risk. Always carry bottled mineral water and avoid drinking tap water or using ice from street vendors. Pharmacies are easily found throughout the city, especially near major hospitals, but carrying a basic first-aid kit with rehydration salts and sunscreen is highly recommended. The city is generally safe for tourists, but it is best to avoid poorly lit areas late at night.

5. Communication Basics: The primary languages spoken are Sindhi and Urdu. While English is understood by hotel staff and educated locals, it is not widely spoken by shopkeepers or rickshaw drivers. Learning a few basic phrases like "Assalam-o-Alaikum" (Peace be upon you) for greetings and "Shukriya" (Thank you) can go a long way in breaking the ice. Buying a local SIM card (Zong or Jazz have good coverage) is easy at official franchises with your passport.

6. Respect Local Etiquette: Sukkur is known for its hospitality, but social norms are traditional. Always use your right hand for eating or passing money. When greeting people of the opposite gender, a verbal greeting is sufficient; avoid initiating handshakes unless the other person offers first. If you are invited to a local's home, removing your shoes before entering is the standard custom.

7. Photography Precautions: Avoid taking photographs of women without explicit permission, as this is considered highly disrespectful. Similarly, do not photograph military installations, bridges, or sensitive government buildings. If you want to take a portrait of a local artisan or shopkeeper, a polite smile and a request for permission are usually met with a positive response.

8. Market Timing: Life in Sukkur often starts a bit later in the day. Most shops in the main bazaars do not fully open until around 11:00 AM or noon, but they stay open late into the night. The evenings are the liveliest time to explore the markets around Ghanta Ghar, when the weather cools down and the streets are buzzing with activity.

By keeping these tips in mind, you will be well-equipped to navigate the bustling streets of Sukkur with confidence. Embracing the local pace of life and showing respect for customs will open doors to authentic interactions and a truly memorable travel experience.

Entertainment and nightlife in Sukkur offer a distinct cultural experience that differs significantly from the Western concept of clubs and bars. In this conservative yet lively city, "nightlife" revolves around late-night dining, vibrant street markets, and the social tradition of drinking tea at open-air cafes. As the sun sets and the desert heat subsides, families and friends flock to the streets to enjoy the cooler evening breeze, creating a bustling and communal atmosphere that often lasts well past midnight.

The epicenter of evening activity is undoubtedly Military Road. This stretch serves as the city's main food street, lined with restaurants, barbecue stalls, and ice cream parlors. Here, the air is thick with the aroma of charcoal-grilled meats and freshly baked naan. Another hub of activity is the area surrounding Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower). The bazaars here remain open late, allowing visitors to shop for clothes, handicrafts, and spices under the glow of streetlights. For a more relaxed vibe, the riverside promenade near the barrage offers a scenic backdrop for a quiet evening stroll.

The atmosphere in Sukkur at night is family-oriented and casual. You will not find dress codes or exclusive entry lists; instead, the vibe is welcoming and chaotic in a charming way. Most venues, including restaurants and tea stalls, stay open until 1:00 AM or 2:00 AM. Chai Dhabas (tea houses) are the local equivalent of bars, where men gather to discuss politics and sports over endless cups of strong, milky tea. For tourists, a "smart casual" dress code is appropriate—long trousers and modest shirts are recommended to blend in with the local crowd.

If you are looking for specific places to enjoy the evening, Lab-e-Mehran is a top choice. While it is a park by day, it transforms at night into a popular gathering spot where you can enjoy snacks while admiring the illuminated Lansdowne and Ayub bridges. For a hearty meal, the eateries along Barrage Road are famous for serving the local specialty, Palla fish, late into the night. Additionally, the Dolphin Bakery area is a well-known landmark for those seeking late-night desserts and pastries.

Practical advice for enjoying Sukkur by night includes heading out after 8:00 PM when the city truly wakes up. Prices are generally very affordable; a lavish dinner can cost a fraction of what it would in larger metropolises. Getting around is best done via auto-rickshaws, which are plentiful even at night. However, it is wise to agree on a fare before starting your journey. While the main areas like Military Road and the Barrage are safe and well-lit, it is advisable to avoid unlit backstreets and to travel in groups if you are unfamiliar with the area.

During the day, entertainment options are more low-key but equally engaging. Visitors can explore the Sukkur Barrage Museum, which houses a small but fascinating collection of artifacts and models related to the construction of the irrigation system. For a leisurely afternoon, a boat ride on the Indus River provides a unique perspective of the city and its islands. Although Sukkur lacks large amusement parks, the lush green lawns of local parks offer a peaceful retreat for picnics before the evening energy kicks in.

Sukkur offers a modest but meaningful selection of parks and educational sites that provide insight into the region's engineering history and recreational life. While the city does not host large-scale national museums, its specific galleries and maintained gardens serve as important cultural and social spaces for visitors and locals alike.

Museums and Heritage Galleries

The Sukkur Barrage Museum is the city's primary institution dedicated to preserving the history of its most famous landmark. Located adjacent to the barrage itself, this small building houses a specialized collection that appeals to history enthusiasts and engineering students. Inside, visitors can examine detailed architectural models that demonstrate the mechanics of the sluice gates and the canal system. The walls are lined with rare archival photographs from the 1920s and 1930s, documenting the colossal manpower and machinery used during the barrage's construction. It provides a technical perspective that complements the visual grandeur of the river structure outside.

Although technically a historical complex, Sateen Jo Aastan functions effectively as an open-air museum of classical Sindhi architecture. Situated on the riverbank, this site allows visitors to study the intricate kashi (blue glazed tile) work and stone carvings up close. Unlike a traditional museum behind glass, here you can walk through the corridors and terraces to appreciate the craftsmanship of a bygone era. The preservation of the tile work here offers one of the best examples of regional decorative art in Pakistan.

Parks and Gardens

Lab-e-Mehran remains the most prominent green space in Sukkur, designed to offer respite from the city's arid climate. While it is known for its riverside location, the park's internal layout is notable for its visitor amenities. It features extensive paved walking tracks that are popular with morning joggers and evening strollers. The grounds are divided into well-manicured lawns equipped with benches and shaded seating areas, making it a designated spot for family picnics. The park management maintains specific floral sections that bloom vibrantly in the cooler months, adding a splash of color to the landscape.

For a more central recreational experience, Muhammad Bin Qasim Park serves the heart of the city. This park is focused on community recreation, offering a glimpse into the daily routine of Sukkur's residents. It is equipped with dedicated play areas for children, including swings and slides, making it a family-friendly destination. The park also features a circular jogging track and ample open space for light sports. It is a quiet, green enclosure where visitors can take a break from the busy bazaars nearby and enjoy a moment of tranquility.

Navigating Sukkur is an experience that immerses you directly in the local rhythm of life. Unlike major metropolitan hubs, the city does not have a metro, tram, or extensive urban train network. Instead, the public transport system is primarily road-based, relying on a mix of recently introduced modern buses and a vast, informal network of rickshaws and shared vans. For tourists, getting around is generally affordable and offers a unique perspective on the city's daily bustle.

The most comfortable and reliable option for visitors is the Peoples Bus Service. identifiable by their distinct red color. Launched to provide a modern commuting solution, these air-conditioned buses operate on fixed routes connecting key locations, such as the Rohri Railway Station to the city center and major intersections like Globe Chowk. They offer a safe, clean, and regulated way to travel between the city's main landmarks and transport hubs, making them an excellent choice for those unfamiliar with the local geography.

For shorter distances and navigating the narrow streets of the bazaars, Auto-Rickshaws are the most ubiquitous mode of transport. These three-wheeled vehicles can be hailed from almost any street corner. They are ideal for direct, point-to-point travel. A popular local variant is the Qingqi (pronounced "chin-chee"), a motorcycle-driven carriage that functions as a shared taxi. Qingqis are open-air, noisy, and incredibly cheap, running on set routes. While they offer a truly authentic local experience, they can be crowded and are generally better suited for adventurous travelers.

Another common form of shared transport is the Suzuki pickup. These converted vans ply specific routes along main roads and serve as the city's de facto minibuses. They are the most budget-friendly option available, often costing just a few pennies per ride. However, they can get quite cramped. Passengers typically hop on and off at designated stops or by flagging the driver down. It is important to note that these vehicles usually have separate seating areas, with the front seat reserved exclusively for women and the rear for men.

The payment system across all modes of transport in Sukkur is almost exclusively cash-based. There are no travel cards, digital passes, or NFC payment systems in place. For the Peoples Bus Service, you purchase a paper ticket from the conductor on board; the fare is fixed and very reasonable. For rickshaws and private taxis, fares are not metered. You must negotiate and agree on the price with the driver before stepping into the vehicle. It is highly recommended to carry small denominations of the local currency, as drivers often do not have change for large bills.

Regarding alternatives, conventional metered taxis are rare. Most "taxis" are private cars available for rent with a driver, which can be arranged through your hotel or a local travel agency. This is often the most stress-free way to see the city if you plan to visit multiple attractions in one day. Ride-hailing apps have a very limited presence compared to larger capital cities; while you might find some availability, it is risky to rely on them solely. Traditional street hailing remains the standard method.

Practical advice for tourists includes planning your travel during daylight hours, as public transport frequency drops significantly late at night. If you are using a rickshaw, asking a local shopkeeper or hotel staff for the approximate fare beforehand can give you leverage during negotiations. Finally, be prepared for a bit of a bumpy ride; the charm of Sukkur's transport lies in its chaotic energy, so embrace the noise and the wind as you zip through the historic streets.

Accommodation in Sukkur primarily caters to practical travelers and business visitors, offering a range of functional options rather than high-end luxury tourism. The city’s hospitality sector is dominated by mid-range hotels and budget guesthouses. While you will not find international five-star resort chains here, there are several comfortable locally-run establishments that provide essential amenities such as air conditioning, Wi-Fi, and attached bathrooms. For those on a strict budget, smaller lodges and inns near the transport hubs offer basic sleeping quarters at very affordable rates.

When choosing where to stay, location is a key factor. The area along Military Road is particularly popular among tourists because of its convenience; it serves as a central artery with easy access to the city’s best restaurants, banks, and transport links. Another desirable location is Barrage Road and the vicinity of the Indus River. Staying here often provides scenic views of the water and places you close to major attractions like the Sukkur Barrage and Lab-e-Mehran park, allowing for a more relaxed atmosphere away from the dense market crowds.

Booking and Prices

The cost of accommodation in Sukkur is generally quite reasonable compared to Pakistan's larger metropolitan cities. Prices typically fall into the budget to lower mid-range categories. While some of the larger hotels have a presence on major online booking platforms, many smaller guesthouses still rely on direct telephone bookings or walk-ins. It is highly recommended to book in advance if you are visiting during the winter months (November to February), as the pleasant weather attracts more domestic tourists. Additionally, travelers should be prepared to pay in cash, as credit card facilities may not be available at smaller establishments.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Sukkur serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations. The region offers a mix of historical depth and cultural richness just a short drive away.

Larkana

Located just a short drive from Sukkur, Larkana is historically significant and serves as the gateway to one of the world's most important ancient sites. It is famous for being the nearest city to Mohenjo-daro, a UNESCO World Heritage site that preserves the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization. Visitors can explore the well-planned streets, the Great Bath, and the museum that houses artifacts dating back thousands of years, making it an essential trip for history enthusiasts.

Jacobabad

Founded by General John Jacob in 1847, Jacobabad offers a unique glimpse into the colonial history of the region. The city is known for its Victoria Tower and distinct architecture from the British era. It is also famous for its annual horse and cattle show, which draws visitors from across the province. Its proximity to Sukkur makes it a convenient option for a quick cultural excursion.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region, allowing travelers to expand their itinerary beyond the city limits.

Shopping in Sukkur offers a vibrant and authentic experience that reflects the city's status as a major trading hub in Upper Sindh. Unlike the glossy, high-end retail environments of larger metropolises, the shopping scene here is deeply rooted in traditional bazaars and bustling marketplaces. Visitors will find a treasure trove of local handicrafts, textiles, and agricultural products. The city is particularly renowned for its production of dates and traditional Sindhi crafts, making it an excellent destination for travelers looking to take a piece of local culture home with them.

The heartbeat of the city's commerce is undoubtedly the Shahi Bazaar. Stretching out from the vicinity of the iconic Clock Tower (Ghanta Ghar), this sprawling market is a sensory overload of colors and sounds. It is the longest and busiest bazaar in the city, where narrow lanes are lined with hundreds of shops selling everything from brightly colored fabrics and gold jewelry to shoes and household goods. Walking through these streets offers a unique glimpse into the daily life of the locals, with vendors calling out their wares and the aroma of street food wafting through the air.

While traditional markets dominate the retail landscape, Sukkur has seen the emergence of modern shopping venues in recent years. The most notable addition is the Boulevard Mall, located on the main bypass road. As one of the few contemporary shopping complexes in the city, it offers a stark contrast to the old bazaars. Here, tourists can find national clothing brands, a food court, and a cinema in a comfortable, air-conditioned environment. It serves as a popular recreational spot for families and those seeking a more organized shopping experience.

For a truly unique experience, visitors should head to the wholesale Date Market. The region surrounding Sukkur is one of the largest producers of dates in Pakistan, and this market is the epicenter of that trade. You can see vast quantities of various date varieties being sorted, packed, and sold. It is a fascinating place to witness the scale of the local agriculture industry, and vendors are often happy to let you sample the different types of fresh and dried dates before you buy.

When it comes to souvenirs, dates are the essential purchase. The "Aseel" variety is particularly famous for its sweetness and quality. Beyond food, the most culturally significant items to buy are the Ajrak and the Sindhi Topi. The Ajrak is a traditional block-printed shawl featuring geometric patterns in deep red and indigo, while the Sindhi Topi is a distinctive cylindrical cap with a cut-out portion in the front. These items are symbols of Sindhi heritage and make for beautiful, meaningful gifts. Additionally, the city is known for its intricate hand-embroidered fabrics and traditional leather footwear.

Practicality is key when shopping in Sukkur. The vast majority of transactions, especially in the bazaars and smaller shops, are conducted in cash. While the Boulevard Mall and some upscale hotels may accept credit cards, it is essential to carry sufficient Pakistani Rupees for most purchases. Bargaining is an integral part of the culture in places like Shahi Bazaar; polite negotiation is expected and can often result in a significantly lower price.

Store hours in Sukkur typically follow a late schedule. Most shops in the main markets do not open fully until 11:00 AM or 12:00 PM, but they remain open late into the night, often until 10:00 PM or 11:00 PM. Fridays are the Muslim holy day, so many shops may be closed for a break in the afternoon for prayers or open later in the day. Tax-free shopping or VAT refunds are not generally available for tourists in local markets, so the price you pay is final.