The history of Xinhua Old Street is closely intertwined with the rich past of Tainan, which played a key role in Taiwan's history. The city, originally known as Tungdu ("Eastern Capital"), was proclaimed the island's capital in 1661 by Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) after the expulsion of the Dutch. This event triggered a significant wave of emigration from mainland China, leading to the rapid growth and development of Tainan. It was during this period that many of the city's historic neighborhoods began to form, creating the foundation for what would eventually become Xinhua Street.
In 1684, when the island came under the control of the Qing Empire, Tainan retained its capital status within Fujian Province until 1887. This long period left a notable mark on the cityscape: iconic city gates (Great South, Great East, and West Gates) were erected, sections of ancient city walls were preserved, and numerous temples were built. Although Xinhua Old Street took on its current appearance somewhat later, its development occurred against the backdrop of these historical transformations.
A defining moment for the unique architectural style of Xinhua Old Street was 1860. The Treaty of Peking allowed foreign merchants to settle in Tainan. Active trade in camphor, tea, and other goods attracted merchants from various countries. Their presence and influence introduced European features to local architecture, which are particularly striking on Xinhua Street, creating its unique and memorable look that blends Eastern and Western traditions.
Thus, Xinhua Old Street today is not just a picturesque place for a walk, but a vivid reflection of Tainan's centuries-old history. Every corner and every building tells a story of the city's formation and the changing eras and cultures—from the time of its founding by Chinese immigrants to the period of active international trade—making a visit here especially interesting and educational.