Astana

Astana is a city where the future meets the traditions of the Great Steppe. Known for its futuristic skyline and bold architectural solutions, it stands as a symbol of rapid development and modernization. As the capital, it serves as the administrative and cultural heart of the nation, impressing visitors with its scale and ambition.

Located in the northern part of Kazakhstan, the city stretches along the banks of the Ishim River. With a population exceeding one million people, it is a bustling hub situated in a vast, flat landscape that emphasizes its impressive vertical growth. The climate here is sharply continental, offering distinct seasons that range from snowy, picturesque winters to warm, sunny summers.

Although it became the capital relatively recently, the history of Astana is fascinating, marking its transformation from a regional center into a world-class metropolis. Today, the city showcases a unique blend of Eastern and Western cultural influences, reflected in its diverse architecture and lifestyle.

Travelers are often amazed by the city's landmarks, such as the iconic Bayterek Tower, which offers panoramic views of the capital and represents the tree of life. Another architectural marvel is the Khan Shatyr, a massive translucent tent that houses a shopping and entertainment venue complete with an indoor beach. The city's thoughtfully designed layout creates a visually stunning atmosphere that is perfect for exploration.

Whether you are visiting for business or leisure, Astana invites you to experience its hospitality, wide avenues, and unique energy. It is a destination that truly surprises and inspires every visitor to discover the modern face of Central Asia.

Astana experiences a sharply continental climate, characterized by significant contrasts between the seasons. To pack appropriately for your trip, it is always a good idea to check the current weather in Astana.

Winters in the capital are long and cold. January is typically the coldest month, with an average temperature of -14.4°C and lows that can dip to -18.3°C. December and February follow a similar pattern, with averages around -12°C. Despite the freezing temperatures, the air remains relatively dry, though you might encounter snow on about 6 to 8 days per month.

In contrast, the summer months bring pleasant warmth, making it a popular time for sightseeing. July is usually the warmest month, featuring an average temperature of 21.0°C and highs reaching up to 26.9°C. June and August are also comfortable, with averages hovering around 18-19°C and approximately 8 to 9 days of precipitation each month.

Spring and autumn are transitional periods where the weather can change rapidly. By May, the city warms up to an average of 13.4°C, while October sees temperatures dropping to around 4.6°C before the freeze sets in again in November. Overall, expect warm summers with occasional rain and cold, dry winters.

• Astana is widely recognized as the second-coldest capital city in the world, with winter temperatures that can rival those of the Arctic, yet it transforms into a warm and sunny destination during the summer months.

• The magnificent Khan Shatyr is not just a mall but the world's largest tensile structure; this giant transparent tent houses a tropical beach resort with white sand flown in specifically from the Maldives.

• The city is home to the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, a striking pyramid designed by Norman Foster that features elevators moving diagonally along its sloped walls.

• Despite being located in the heart of the Eurasian steppe, thousands of kilometers from the nearest sea, the city features a massive oceanarium listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the oceanarium most distant from any ocean.

• The iconic Baiterek Tower is rooted in ancient folklore, representing a mythical tree of life where the magical bird Samruk laid a golden egg, symbolizing the sun.

Reaching the capital of Kazakhstan is relatively straightforward, with air travel being the most convenient method for international and distant domestic visitors. As a major administrative and cultural hub, the city is well-connected to the rest of the world. For a complete guide on all available transport options, you can read more about how to get to Astana.

The primary gateway to the city is Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport (IATA: NQZ). It is a modern international airport located approximately 16.2 km from the city center. A trip by taxi or bus to the downtown area typically takes around 45 minutes. This hub handles a large volume of passengers annually, serving as the main entry point for most travelers.

If you are exploring the wider region or looking for alternative flight connections, you might consider Karaganda Airport (IATA: KGF). Please note that this airport is located in the city of Karagandy, which is about 214.5 km from Astana. The transfer by road from there takes approximately 5 hours and 40 minutes. Another regional option is Kokshetau Airport (IATA: KOV) in Kokshetau, situated roughly 271.3 km away, which implies a travel time of around 7 hours by car.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

Travelers arriving by train from nearby areas may also utilize regional railway stations. The closest station in the vicinity is Arshaly Station. It is important to note that this station is located in Osakarovka, approximately 60.9 km from Astana. From there, you can get a taxi or bus, which takes about 1 hour and 50 minutes. Another option for regional transit is Yereymentau Railway Station, located in Yereymentau, about 127.2 km away. The journey to the capital from this station takes roughly 3.5 hours by road.

Below is a list of these regional railway stations:

Astana offers a diverse array of sights that range from architectural masterpieces to cultural treasures. The city’s rapid development has given rise to numerous landmarks that captivate visitors with their scale and beauty. Below are some of the must-visit places that define the character of this modern capital.

One of the most magnificent spiritual sites in the city is the Hazrat Sultan Mosque. As one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, it is a stunning example of classic Islamic style blended with traditional Kazakh ornaments. Tourists are drawn here not only for its immense size but also for the intricate interior details and the sense of serenity it offers. It is a perfect place to admire the artistry of the region and experience the local culture.

For those interested in history and heritage, the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan is an essential stop. This modern facility is the youngest and largest museum in Central Asia, housing a vast collection that spans from ancient times to the present day. Visitors are particularly fascinated by the Hall of Gold, which showcases the famous "Golden Man," a symbol of Kazakhstan's rich archaeological past. The museum uses advanced technology to make history come alive, making it engaging for all ages.

Standing tall as a symbol of the nation's leadership is the Ak Orda Presidential Palace. Located on the left bank of the Ishim River, this official workplace of the President is renowned for its striking blue and gold dome topped with a spire. While access to the interior is restricted, the palace grounds and the view from outside are spectacular, offering excellent photo opportunities against the backdrop of the city's modern skyline.

If you are looking for entertainment and a great view, consider visiting the Ailand Ferris Wheel. It is the highest Ferris wheel in Kazakhstan, providing a panoramic perspective of the capital's unique architecture and layout. Located within a larger entertainment complex, it is a fantastic spot for families and anyone wishing to see the city from a different angle, especially captivating when the city lights up at night.

The culinary scene in Astana is a delightful journey that blends the hearty traditions of the Great Steppe with modern international trends. As the capital city, it offers a diverse gastronomic landscape where you can savor authentic Kazakh recipes alongside European and Asian cuisines. The local food culture is deeply rooted in hospitality, with meals often serving as a central part of social gatherings.

At the heart of the national cuisine is meat, which is prepared in various ways to create rich and satisfying dishes. The most famous specialty is beshbarmak, a savory dish consisting of boiled meat (usually horse meat, mutton, or beef) served over thin pasta sheets and topped with an onion sauce called tuzdyk. Another delicacy worth trying is kazy, a traditional homemade sausage made from horse meat, often served as an appetizer or part of a main course. To accompany these meals, locals love baursaks, which are puffy, golden-brown fried dough balls that are impossible to eat just one of.

Beverages play a significant role in the dining experience here. Tea is the most popular drink and is consumed in large quantities, often with milk and sweets. For those looking to try something truly traditional, fermented dairy drinks like kumis (made from mare's milk) and shubat (made from camel's milk) offer a unique, slightly sour taste that is believed to have health benefits. These drinks are refreshing in the summer and are a staple of the nomadic heritage.

The city's dining options range from bustling food courts in major shopping centers like Khan Shatyr to high-end restaurants. The atmosphere in local establishments is generally warm and welcoming. If you are looking for a place to enjoy a premium steak or fine dining in a stylish setting, Line Brew is a well-known spot among locals and tourists alike. It is housed in a castle-like building and is famous for its quality meats and brewed beverages.

For a more casual evening or a taste of the city's nightlife, the capital has a growing number of pubs and bars. Establishments like Fuller's Pub offer a relaxed environment where you can enjoy hearty snacks and international drinks. Whether you are exploring street food stalls or dining in a sophisticated restaurant, Astana's food scene promises to leave you with a full stomach and a warm impression of Kazakh hospitality.

Traveling to Astana is an adventure into the heart of the steppe, but the city's unique climate and modern layout require a bit of preparation. Here are some practical tips to help you navigate the capital with ease and confidence.

1. Clothing and Gear: The most critical advice for Astana is to dress for the weather. Winters are extremely cold and windy, so thermal underwear, a heavy windproof down jacket, and non-slip boots are essential. Summers, however, can be surprisingly hot, requiring light, breathable fabrics. If you plan to visit religious sites like the Hazrat Sultan Mosque, remember to dress modestly: cover your shoulders and knees, and women should bring a headscarf.
2. Transportation: The city is vast, and walking between attractions on the "Left Bank" can take longer than expected due to the scale of the buildings. Ride-hailing apps like Yandex Go or Uber are the most convenient and affordable ways to get around. Public buses are also reliable and modern; you can pay via QR code using local apps or purchase a transport card. Car rental is available but usually unnecessary due to the efficiency of taxis.
3. Finances: The local currency is the Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT). Credit and debit cards (Visa and Mastercard) are widely accepted in malls, restaurants, and supermarkets, and contactless payment (Apple Pay, Google Pay) is standard. However, it is wise to carry some cash for small convenience stores or bazaars. ATMs are plentiful throughout the city. Tipping around 10% is appreciated in restaurants if a service charge isn't already included.
4. Health and Safety: Astana is generally a very safe city for tourists, even at night. Pharmacies (marked as "Apteka") are easy to find, and many operate 24 hours a day. While tap water is treated, it is recommended to drink bottled or filtered water to avoid any stomach issues. In winter, be particularly cautious of icy sidewalks and steps.
5. Communication: Russian is the primary language of interethnic communication, while Kazakh is the state language. English is spoken by many young people and service staff in the city center, but less so on the outskirts. Downloading the 2GIS app is highly recommended; it provides excellent offline maps and transport routes superior to global alternatives in this region. Buying a local SIM card (Kcell, Beeline, or Tele2) at the airport or shopping centers is quick and cheap.
6. Local Etiquette: Kazakh culture places high value on respect for elders. Always give up your seat on public transport to older people; remaining seated while an elder stands is considered very rude. When entering a local home, you must remove your shoes. A handshake is the standard greeting between men.
7. What to Avoid: Avoid whistling indoors, as there is a common local superstition that it leads to financial loss or bad luck. Additionally, avoid making negative comparisons between the local cuisine and what you are used to; hospitality is sacred here, and food is often served with great pride.
8. Additional Tip: Embrace the "indoor city" lifestyle. Because of the harsh winters, Astana has developed a network of massive shopping and entertainment centers like Khan Shatyr and Mega Silk Way. These aren't just for shopping; they are social hubs where locals gather, eat, and relax year-round, often serving as the best places to people-watch and escape the elements.

With these tips in mind, you are ready to explore the unique energy of the Kazakh capital. Whether you are braving the winter winds or enjoying a warm summer sunset on the Ishim River embankment, Astana promises a memorable and comfortable experience.

Astana's energy doesn't fade when the sun goes down; in fact, the city takes on a completely different persona. The futuristic skyline lights up in a dazzling display of neon and LEDs, setting the stage for a vibrant nightlife scene. The primary hub for evening entertainment is the "Left Bank," particularly along Turan Avenue and the areas surrounding the Expo site, where you will find a concentration of trendy bars, high-end restaurants, and pulsating nightclubs.

For those who appreciate live performances and a lively pub atmosphere, The Bus Music Pub is a local favorite. It is known for its retro-style interior, which features an actual bus, and hosts regular concerts by local bands and visiting artists. It is a great place to mingle with locals and enjoy a wide selection of drinks in a spirited setting.

If you are looking to dance the night away, the city offers several modern clubs with top-tier sound systems. Demalys is one such venue that attracts a stylish crowd. The nightlife culture here often involves "face control" and a dress code, so it is advisable to dress smartly—usually "smart casual" or cocktail attire—to ensure smooth entry. Clubs typically get busy after midnight and stay open until the early hours of the morning.

For a more relaxed evening that combines excellent food with a sophisticated ambiance, Roastbeef is an excellent choice. It serves as a perfect spot for a late dinner or a glass of wine before heading out to a club. The atmosphere in these establishments is generally welcoming, though prices in the upscale Left Bank district can be comparable to European capitals.

Getting around at night is safe and convenient. The city is well-lit, and major streets remain active late into the night. The best way to move between venues is by using taxi apps like Yandex Go or Uber, which are reliable and overcome any language barriers. It is generally safe to walk in the central districts, but as with any large city, it is best to stay in populated areas.

During the day, the entertainment shifts towards cultural and family-friendly activities. The city boasts world-class venues like the Astana Opera and the Astana Ballet, offering high-quality performances. You can also explore the numerous museums or spend the day at the massive shopping and entertainment centers, which house cinemas, game zones, and even indoor parks, providing fun regardless of the weather outside.

While Astana is famous for its futuristic skyline, the city also boasts an impressive array of green spaces and cultural institutions that offer a break from the urban pace. The capital's parks are thoughtfully designed to provide leisure and recreation, while its museums preserve the rich tapestry of Kazakh history and art, making them essential stops for any visitor.

One of the most popular recreational areas is Central Park. Located along the Ishim River, this expansive green belt is the perfect place for a leisurely stroll, jogging, or cycling. It features wide promenades, fountains, and plenty of shaded areas, making it a favorite spot for locals and tourists alike to relax during the warmer months. The park's proximity to the river adds a refreshing breeze and offers beautiful views of the city's modern architecture from a natural setting.

For a more romantic atmosphere, Lovers Park is a charming destination situated directly opposite the Khan Shatyr entertainment center. Its landscaping is designed to foster a sense of intimacy and peace, with heart-shaped sculptures and cozy benches. It is an excellent spot for taking photos, especially with the iconic "tent" of Khan Shatyr in the background, or simply for enjoying a quiet moment in the heart of the busy capital.

Those interested in active recreation might enjoy Triathlon Park, which is tailored for sports enthusiasts with its dedicated running and cycling tracks. Another notable green space is Zhetisu Park, which brings a piece of the diverse landscape of the Zhetysu region to the capital, featuring thematic alleys and beautiful floral arrangements.

Culturally, the city offers unique experiences beyond traditional galleries. A must-visit is the Atameken Ethno-Memorial Map of Kazakhstan. This fascinating open-air museum displays the entire country in miniature. Visitors can walk around tiny replicas of Kazakhstan's major cities, mountains, and historical monuments, providing a wonderful overview of the nation's geography and diversity in just an hour or two.

To delve into the heroic past, the Aliya Moldagulova Museum offers a poignant look at the life of the famous Soviet sniper and Hero of the Soviet Union. The museum houses personal belongings, documents, and exhibits that tell the story of her bravery and the broader context of the region's history during World War II. It is a smaller, more intimate venue that provides a deep emotional connection to the local heritage.

Astana is also home to grand monuments that reflect its status as a capital. Independence Square and Kazakh Eli Monument is a vast plaza dominated by a soaring white column topped with the mythical Samruk bird, symbolizing the country's sovereignty and spirit. Nearby, the Mangilik El Arch of Triumph stands as a majestic architectural landmark, celebrating the eternal nation and serving as a gateway to the city's administrative center.

Families traveling with children might find the Zverolash Contact Zoo to be a delightful diversion, offering a chance to interact with animals in a friendly environment. For an insider tip, try visiting the parks along the Ishim River in the evening; the embankments come alive with street musicians, glowing lights, and a festive atmosphere that truly captures the soul of the city.

The public transport system in Astana is primarily based on a comprehensive network of buses that connects all districts, including the airport and railway stations. Unlike many other major capitals, the city does not currently have an operational metro or tram system. Instead, the bus fleet carries the weight of public transit, featuring modern, comfortable vehicles. A unique and essential feature of the local infrastructure is the presence of "warm bus stops." Given the harsh winter climate, these enclosed, heated waiting areas are a lifesaver for passengers, often equipped with seating and information screens.

For payment, the city utilizes an electronic ticketing system known as Transcard (or Astra Plat). Fares are significantly cheaper when paid electronically compared to cash. If you pay with cash directly to the driver, the price is roughly double the standard electronic rate. Residents typically use a transport card or scan a QR code via local mobile apps to pay. For tourists, purchasing a physical Transcard is often the most convenient option if you plan to use the bus frequently, though paying by cash is a viable backup for single trips.

Travelers can buy these transport cards at specialized vending machines (RTVMs) located at major bus stops or at ticket offices. To pay for your ride, simply tap the card on the validator located near the bus doors upon entry. Buses generally operate from around 06:00 to 22:00 or 23:00, depending on the route. It is highly recommended to download a navigation app like 2GIS, which provides the most accurate and up-to-date bus schedules, routes, and arrival times in the city.

If you prefer more direct and private transportation, taxis and ride-hailing services are extremely popular and affordable in Astana. Apps like Yandex Go and Uber work reliably throughout the city, allowing you to book a car without needing to speak the local language or negotiate prices. This is often the preferred method of travel for tourists, especially during the colder months or late at night.

During the warm summer season, the city transforms into a bike-friendly environment. A bike-sharing system called Astana Bike offers rental stations scattered across the city, particularly in the central districts and parks. Additionally, electric scooter rentals have become ubiquitous, with various apps allowing you to pick up and drop off scooters freely. Riding along the river embankment or through the wide avenues of the Left Bank is a pleasant way to sightsee when the weather permits.

Finding the perfect place to stay in Astana is relatively easy, as the city offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit every budget and travel style. From opulent five-star hotels belonging to famous international chains to cozy guesthouses and modern hostels, the capital is well-equipped to host visitors. The hospitality sector here is modern and high-standard, reflecting the city's status as a major administrative and business hub.

When choosing where to stay, it is helpful to understand the city's layout, which is divided by the Ishim River. The Left Bank (Yesil District) is the modern administrative center, home to futuristic skyscrapers, government buildings, and major shopping malls. This area is ideal for business travelers and those who want to be within walking distance of iconic sights like the Baiterek Tower and Khan Shatyr. Hotels here tend to be upscale, offering luxury amenities and stunning views of the skyline.

On the other hand, the Right Bank represents the older, more historic part of the city. This area has a livelier, more traditional atmosphere with tree-lined streets, smaller shops, and a bustle that feels more residential. Travelers looking for mid-range hotels, budget-friendly hostels, or rental apartments will find plenty of excellent choices here. Staying on the Right Bank often provides a more authentic experience of local life and is generally friendlier on the wallet, while still being just a short taxi ride across the bridge to the main attractions.

Apartment rentals are also a very popular and convenient option in Astana. Many visitors prefer renting fully furnished flats in modern residential complexes, which can offer great value and more space than a standard hotel room, especially for families or longer stays. These are widely available on major international booking platforms as well as local real estate sites.

Booking Tips: The price range varies significantly depending on the season and the location. While luxury hotels on the Left Bank command premium prices, comfortable mid-range options are quite affordable compared to Western Europe. It is advisable to book your accommodation in advance, especially if you are visiting during the summer months or major holidays like Nauryz (March), when the city sees an influx of domestic tourists. Most hotels and apartments accept credit cards and can be easily booked online.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Astana serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations. One of the most notable destinations is Karagandy, a major industrial and cultural center located south of the capital. It offers a fascinating glimpse into the region's mining history and features distinctive Soviet-era architecture. To the north lies Kokshetau, which serves as the gateway to the picturesque Burabay National Park, known for its pine forests and lakes. Closer to the capital, Temirtau is an industrial hub that played a significant role in the nation's development.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region.

Shopping in Astana is a reflection of the city itself—modern, ambitious, and diverse. The capital offers a mix of experiences ranging from strolling through futuristic entertainment centers to bargaining in lively traditional markets. Whether you are looking for high-end international fashion brands, authentic local handicrafts, or simply a place to escape the weather, the city’s retail landscape has something to offer every visitor.

The main shopping activity is concentrated on the Left Bank, where massive malls serve as social hubs. The most iconic of these is the Khan Shatyr. Recognized globally for its unique architectural design resembling a giant transparent tent, it is more than just a place to buy clothes. Inside, you will find a wide array of European and Turkish brands, a dinosaur park, and even a beach club on the top floor. It is a must-visit destination that combines retail therapy with entertainment.

Another premier destination is the Abu Dhabi Plaza, the largest complex of its kind in Central Asia. This modern development offers a sophisticated shopping experience with a variety of luxury and premium stores, diverse dining options, and a direct connection to a hotel. For those near the Expo site, the Mega Silk Way mall is another favorite, known for its immense length and family-friendly atmosphere.

For a taste of local culture and flavor, you should head to the city's markets. The "Artem" market (Astanalik) is a bustling spot on the Right Bank where locals buy fresh produce, meat, and dairy. It is the perfect place to find dried fruits, nuts, and local delicacies like kurt (dried cheese balls) or kumis. The vibrant atmosphere here contrasts sharply with the polished malls and offers a glimpse into the daily life of the residents.

When it comes to souvenirs, Astana has plenty of unique items to take home. Look for high-quality felt products, such as slippers, vests, or miniature yurts, which reflect the nomadic heritage of the region. Kazakh silver jewelry is also highly prized for its intricate designs. Don't forget to buy some "Rakhat" chocolate, a famous local brand known for its blue wrappers and excellent taste; it is available in almost every supermarket and makes for a perfect gift.

Most shopping malls in the city operate daily from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM. Payment is very convenient, with credit cards (Visa and Mastercard) and contactless payments like Apple Pay and Google Pay being widely accepted, even in smaller shops. Cash is mostly needed only at open-air bazaars. Additionally, a Tax-Free system is available for international tourists in select major shopping centers, allowing you to claim a VAT refund on eligible purchases before leaving the country.