Roswell

Welcome to Roswell, a city that has captured the world's imagination with its tales of the unexplained and extraterrestrial encounters. Located in the southeastern corner of New Mexico in the United States, this unique destination offers a blend of quirky pop culture, natural beauty, and warm hospitality. While best known for the famous 1947 UFO incident, Roswell is also a thriving community in the Pecos Valley with a rich agricultural heritage.

Geographically, the city sits on the high plains, offering visitors wide-open skies and a semi-arid climate characterized by sunny days and cool nights. With a population of over 90,000 residents, it serves as a commercial and cultural hub for the region. Exploring the history of Roswell reveals that long before it became the "UFO Capital of the World," it was a significant center for ranching, farming, and military operations, adding layers of depth to its modern identity.

Travelers flock here to visit the renowned International UFO Museum and Research Center, which delves into the details of the alleged saucer crash and the phenomena surrounding it. However, nature lovers will find plenty to admire as well, such as the stunning Bottomless Lakes State Park, known for its deep, greenish-blue sinkholes perfect for swimming and hiking. The nearby Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge is another gem, offering exceptional birdwatching opportunities along the Pecos River.

Whether you are a dedicated ufologist looking for answers or a traveler seeking the charm of the American Southwest, Roswell promises an unforgettable experience. Come for the mystery, but stay for the fascinating museums, local art galleries, and the stark beauty of the New Mexico landscape.

Roswell features a semi-arid climate that brings distinct seasonal changes, offering sunny skies for most of the year. Travelers can generally expect hot summers with occasional rain and cold, dry winters. For specific forecasts and to help with packing, it is recommended to check the weather in Roswell closer to your travel dates.

During the warmest months of June, July, and August, average temperatures range from 27°C to 29°C, with daytime highs often reaching 35°C. Conversely, the winter season is much cooler; January is typically the coldest month with an average temperature of 7.2°C and lows dipping to 0.5°C. Precipitation is quite low year-round, averaging just 1mm to 2mm per month, though August can see up to 8 wet days.

• Before the city became associated with flying saucers, it was the chosen home of Robert H. Goddard, the "Father of Modern Rocketry," who conducted his pioneering liquid-fueled rocket research here for over a decade in the 1930s.

• Local history takes a surprising turn at the Spring River Zoo, where German prisoners of war detained nearby during World War II were employed to build the stonework and paved banks that visitors can still see today.

• Despite its arid desert location, the city is a dairy powerhouse and is home to one of the largest mozzarella cheese manufacturing plants in the world, producing a significant portion of the cheese found on pizzas across the country.

• The former Walker Air Force Base, which played a central role in the city's growth, was once the home station of the 509th Composite Group, the unit historically known for dropping the atomic bombs on Japan.

Reaching this iconic destination in New Mexico is relatively straightforward, with options ranging from flying directly into the city to driving from larger regional hubs. For those who want to see all ways to reach the city, planning ahead is recommended to choose the balance of convenience and budget that suits you best.

The most direct method is to fly into the Roswell International Air Center (IATA: ROW), which is located right in Roswell. Although it is a smaller facility with an annual passenger traffic of roughly 72,000 people, it offers the ultimate convenience, situated just 10.3 km from the city center. The transfer is quick and easy; a ride by taxi or shuttle typically takes about 15 minutes.

Alternatively, many travelers fly into El Paso International Airport (IATA: ELP) in the city of El Paso. This is a much larger transport hub, handling over 4 million passengers annually, and offers a wider range of flight connections. However, it is located about 247.6 km from Roswell. Visitors choosing this route should be prepared for a longer ground transfer, which takes approximately 6.5 hours by public transport or shuttle services.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

Since there are no direct railway connections to the city, visitors who do not fly directly often arrive by car or long-distance bus. The drive through the high plains of New Mexico offers scenic views, and major highways connect the city to other parts of the state and neighboring regions.

Roswell is a city that embraces its unique identity, offering a mix of extraterrestrial intrigue and genuine local charm. While the 1947 incident put it on the map, the attractions here range from world-famous museums to peaceful parks and delightful culinary spots, ensuring there is something for every traveler to enjoy.

No visit to the city is complete without exploring the International UFO Museum and Research Center. This is the definitive destination for anyone curious about the "Roswell Incident" and other unexplained phenomena. The museum features an extensive collection of affidavits, exhibits, and artwork that detail the events of 1947. It serves as a serious research hub while remaining accessible and fascinating for casual tourists, offering a comprehensive look at the history of ufology.

For a more lighthearted and interactive experience, make your way to Alien Zone. This attraction is a favorite among families and photographers, known for its quirky displays and photo opportunities. Visitors can pose with life-sized alien mannequins in various humorous settings, from a backyard BBQ to a cozy living room. It is a fun, kitschy stop that perfectly captures the playful spirit of the city's pop culture fame, complete with a gift shop full of unique souvenirs.

If you are looking to unwind outdoors, Cahoon Park offers a serene escape. Located near the city center, this historic park is known for its beautiful sunken garden, tennis courts, and shaded picnic areas. It provides a lovely contrast to the desert surroundings and is a great place for a leisurely stroll or a relaxing afternoon break between museum visits.

To get a taste of the local lifestyle, visit Pecos Flavors Winery and Bistro. This establishment is a hub for local social life, offering a selection of New Mexico wines and craft beers. It is an excellent spot to relax after a day of sightseeing, where you can enjoy a casual meal and sample the flavors of the Pecos Valley in a warm and inviting atmosphere.

The culinary landscape of Roswell is heavily influenced by the rich traditions of New Mexico, where the absolute star of the kitchen is the chile pepper. Whether you prefer red, green, or "Christmas" (a mix of both), you will find this spicy ingredient incorporated into almost everything. The local food scene is unpretentious and hearty, characterized by a blend of Native American, Mexican, and cowboy chuckwagon influences that create distinct and flavorful comfort food.

One dish you simply must try is the green chile cheeseburger. While popular across the state, Roswell offers some excellent versions where the heat of the roasted peppers perfectly cuts through the richness of the meat and cheese. Another staple is stacked enchiladas, often served flat rather than rolled, and frequently topped with a fried egg. For dessert, do not miss sopaipillas—pillowy deep-fried dough served warm and drizzled with local honey, which provides a sweet finish to a spicy meal.

When it comes to dining out, the atmosphere in the city is generally casual and welcoming. For a taste of authentic regional recipes, travelers often visit El Toro Bravo. This establishment is a favorite among locals for its traditional Mexican dishes and vibrant flavors. If you are looking to switch things up from the Southwestern spice, Portofino offers a delightful Italian menu, serving as a reminder of the city's diverse dining options.

As for beverages, the region has a surprisingly deep history of viticulture. The high desert climate is conducive to growing grapes, so sampling local New Mexico wines is highly recommended. For something non-alcoholic, a glass of horchata (a sweet, cinnamon-spiced rice milk drink) is the perfect way to cool down your palate. Of course, given the city's fame, you will also find plenty of fun, alien-themed cocktails and "galaxy" drinks in the downtown area, adding a playful twist to the nightlife.

Visiting Roswell is about more than just looking for little green men; it is an adventure into the heart of the American Southwest. To help you make the most of your stay in this unique desert city, here are some practical tips to ensure your trip is smooth and enjoyable.

1. Clothing and Gear: Since the city is located in the high desert, the weather can be unpredictable. Layers are essential; days can be scorching hot while evenings often cool down significantly. Bring a hat, high-quality sunglasses, and plenty of sunscreen to protect against the intense sun. Comfortable walking shoes are a must for exploring the museums and nearby state parks.

2. Transportation: While there is a local bus service called Pecos Trails Transit, it has limited routes and hours. The best way to get around Roswell and explore the surrounding natural attractions, like the Bottomless Lakes, is by renting a car. Ride-sharing apps like Uber and Lyft are available but may have longer wait times than in major metropolitan areas.

3. Finances: The local currency is the United States Dollar (USD). Credit and debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Amex) are widely accepted at hotels, restaurants, and museums. However, it is wise to carry some cash for small souvenir shops or tipping. The standard tipping culture is 15-20% for restaurant service and taxi rides.

4. Health and Safety: Roswell is generally a safe city for tourists, but the desert environment poses its own risks. Dehydration can happen quickly, so carry water with you at all times. Pharmacies like Walgreens and CVS are easily accessible for minor medical needs. In case of any serious emergency, dial 911 for immediate assistance.

5. Communication: English is the primary language, though you will frequently hear Spanish spoken due to the region's heritage. Most locals are bilingual or used to communicating with diverse visitors. Free Wi-Fi is standard in most hotels, coffee shops, and the library. If you need a SIM card, major US carriers like AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon have stores in town.

6. Local Etiquette: People in New Mexico are known for being warm and welcoming. A friendly "hello" or nod to strangers is common and polite. When taking photos, especially of people or private residences, it is courteous to ask for permission first. The pace of life here is relaxed, so be patient and enjoy the slower rhythm.

7. What to Avoid: Do not trespass on private land, especially on the ranches surrounding the city. Stories of debris fields may be tempting, but local property rights are strictly enforced. Additionally, avoid underestimating the heat; hiking in the middle of a summer day without preparation can be dangerous.

8. Local Insight: Be aware that many local shops and museums close relatively early, often around 5:00 PM. If you are planning to visit during the annual UFO Festival in July, book your accommodation months in advance, as the city's population effectively doubles during this event.

By keeping these practicalities in mind, you will be well-prepared to embrace everything Roswell has to offer. Whether you are here for the extraterrestrial history or the enchanting desert landscapes, a little preparation ensures your journey will be as fascinating as the city itself.

Roswell’s nightlife reflects the city’s overall character: relaxed, welcoming, and unpretentious. You will not find sprawling nightclubs or thumping bass lines here. Instead, the evening entertainment scene is centered around cozy lounges, lively restaurants, and venues where conversation and local culture take center stage. The atmosphere is distinctly Southwestern, where cowboy hats are as common as baseball caps, and the dress code is almost universally casual.

The hub of activity is primarily located along Main Street, particularly in the downtown area. This walkable corridor is where locals and visitors mix, enjoying the cool desert evenings after the sun goes down. Most venues are within a short distance of each other, making it easy to hop from a dinner spot to a place for a nightcap. However, visitors should be aware that Roswell is an "early to bed" city; many bars and restaurants close by 9:00 PM or 10:00 PM on weekdays, though hours may extend slightly on Fridays and Saturdays.

For a sophisticated yet relaxed evening, Pecos Flavors Winery and Bistro is a standout choice. It serves as a central gathering spot for the community, offering an impressive selection of New Mexico wines and craft beers. It is one of the few places in town that frequently hosts live music, featuring local artists who play everything from country to acoustic rock, adding a vibrant soundtrack to your night out.

If you are looking for a more spirited atmosphere, El Toro Bravo is the place to go. While it is a restaurant first, its bar area is popular for enjoying authentic margaritas and cold cervezas. The energy here is often bustling, providing a great backdrop for socializing. For those preferring a quieter, more intimate setting for evening conversation, Portofino offers a comfortable environment to unwind with a glass of wine and hearty Italian fare.

Practicality is key when planning a night out in Roswell. Since ride-sharing services can be sporadic and taxis are not always instantly available, it is wise to arrange your transportation in advance if you plan to drink. The downtown area is generally safe for walking at night, with well-lit streets and a visible police presence, but standard precautions should always be taken. Stick to the main thoroughfares and avoid unlit alleys.

Before the sun sets and the neon lights flicker on, the city offers plenty of daytime entertainment to fill your schedule. You can spend the afternoon exploring the mysteries of the universe at the local museums or enjoying the open air at the city's parks. These daytime adventures provide the perfect buildup to a relaxing evening enjoying the local hospitality.

Beyond the neon lights and extraterrestrial themes, Roswell boasts a surprising array of green spaces and cultural institutions that showcase the region's true character. The city serves as a gateway to the natural beauty of the Pecos Valley, while its galleries and museums preserve a rich legacy of artistic expression and scientific innovation, offering visitors a deeper look into the American Southwest.

Nature enthusiasts should not miss Bottomless Lakes State Park, located just a short drive southeast of the city. As New Mexico’s first state park, it is famous for its chain of deep, blue-green sinkholes that create the illusion of having no bottom. These natural pools are surrounded by red rock cliffs and offer excellent opportunities for swimming, kayaking, and hiking. It is a perfect spot for a picnic or simply to watch the colors of the desert shift during sunset.

For a family-friendly outdoor experience within the city limits, the Spring River Zoo and Park is a standout destination. This facility is unique as it is the only free-admission zoo in the state, featuring a variety of native New Mexican wildlife, a petting zoo, and ranching exhibits. The surrounding park area includes extensive walking trails, a miniature train, and an antique carousel, making it a charming place to spend a relaxed afternoon.

Culturally, the city punches well above its weight, anchored by the Roswell Museum. Founded in 1937, this institution is a treasure trove of art and history, housing a significant collection of works by Southwestern artists like Peter Hurd and Henriette Wyeth. It is also home to the Robert H. Goddard Planetarium and an extensive exhibit dedicated to the "Father of Modern Rocketry," featuring his original workshop and rocket components, blending the artistic with the scientific.

Art lovers will also appreciate the Anderson Museum of Contemporary Art (AMoCA), which displays a diverse collection of works from the Roswell Artist-in-Residence Program. Since 1967, this program has brought artists from around the world to live and work in the city, resulting in a dynamic and eclectic gallery space. The museum offers a sharp, modern contrast to the traditional western themes found elsewhere, showcasing the city's role as a vibrant hub for contemporary creativity.

For an insider tip, consider visiting the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge during the migration seasons in spring or fall. Located a few miles northeast of the city, this wetland oasis attracts thousands of sandhill cranes, snow geese, and dragonflies. It provides a serene and authentic wildlife experience that feels worlds away from the busy tourist centers.

Navigating Roswell is relatively simple, though the city is spread out and primarily designed for vehicular travel. The public transportation network is modest and consists entirely of a bus service known as Pecos Trails Transit. There is no metro, tram, or light rail system in the city. For most visitors, the bus system serves as a convenient and budget-friendly way to reach major shopping areas, medical facilities, and the downtown district along Main Street, but it may not reach all tourist attractions located on the outskirts.

The payment system for the bus is straightforward and largely cash-based. Fares are very affordable, typically costing less than a dollar for a single ride. Travelers should be aware that drivers usually cannot provide change, so it is essential to carry the exact fare in coins or small bills when boarding. While there are no complex digital ticketing apps, daily or monthly passes are available for purchase at the main transit center or city municipal offices, offering a convenient option for those planning an extended stay.

Operating hours for Pecos Trails Transit are generally limited to daytime hours from Monday through Saturday, with service typically starting in the early morning and ending in the early evening. It is important for tourists to note that there is usually no bus service on Sundays or major holidays. Consequently, visitors relying solely on public transport should plan their itineraries carefully to ensure they are not left without a ride back to their accommodation in the late evening or on weekends.

Given the limited schedule and reach of the bus network, most travelers find that renting a car is the most practical option for exploring the area efficiently. This is particularly true if you plan to visit natural attractions like Bottomless Lakes State Park, which are not accessible by public bus. Major car rental agencies operate at the airport and in the city center. Alternatively, ride-sharing apps and local taxi companies are available, though wait times can be longer than in larger metropolitan areas, especially during off-peak hours.

For short trips within the historic downtown area, walking is a viable and pleasant alternative. The grid layout of the city makes navigation easy, and many of the key museums and shops are clustered within a few blocks of each other. While bike rentals are not widely available as a dedicated public system, the flat terrain makes cycling a comfortable option if you have access to a bicycle.

Accommodation in Roswell caters to a wide range of travelers, offering options that reflect the city's welcoming and unpretentious character. Visitors will primarily find a selection of budget-friendly motels and mid-range chain hotels rather than opulent luxury resorts. The lodging scene is designed to be practical and comfortable, with many establishments embracing the local alien theme through quirky decor and fun signage, adding a unique touch to your stay.

The majority of hotels are conveniently clustered along North Main Street, the city’s primary thoroughfare. Staying in this area provides easy access to dining options, shopping centers, and major roads leading out to natural attractions. For those who prefer to be within walking distance of the main cultural sites, such as the museums and the historic district, looking for accommodation closer to the downtown area is highly recommended. Additionally, given the region's popularity with road trippers, there are several well-equipped RV parks available for those traveling with their own homes on wheels.

When planning your trip, it is important to consider the timing of your visit. While finding a room is generally easy throughout most of the year, the city transforms during the annual UFO Festival in July. During this peak event, accommodation is in extremely high demand, and prices can rise significantly. It is essential to book several months in advance if you intend to travel during the festival to secure a spot.

In terms of pricing, Roswell is an affordable destination compared to many other tourist hubs in the United States. Most properties fall into the budget to moderate price range, making it a wallet-friendly stop for families and road trippers. Booking is straightforward, with major online platforms and direct hotel websites offering the best rates and availability.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Roswell serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations:

Located to the southwest, Alamogordo is a fascinating destination best known as the gateway to the stunning White Sands National Park. Here, visitors can hike or sled down the rare white gypsum dunes that stretch for miles. The city also hosts the New Mexico Museum of Space History, which complements the aerospace themes found in Roswell with exhibits on astronomy and the space race.

Another intriguing option is Socorro, situated in the scenic Rio Grande Valley. This historic town offers a glimpse into New Mexico's past with its charming plaza and adobe architecture. It is also the perfect jumping-off point for nature lovers to visit the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, a world-renowned site for birdwatching, particularly during the winter migration of sandhill cranes and snow geese.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region.

Shopping in Roswell offers a distinctive experience that mirrors the city's unique personality. While you will find the standard retail options typical of any mid-sized American city, the real draw here is the abundance of specialty stores dedicated to the extraterrestrial and the local agricultural bounty. From kitschy alien memorabilia to high-quality local produce, the shopping scene is fun, accessible, and full of character.

The primary commercial hub is concentrated along Main Street (U.S. Route 285), which runs directly through the city. The downtown section of Main Street is particularly walkable and is home to a variety of independent boutiques, antique shops, and souvenir stores. This area is perfect for travelers looking to browse for unique gifts while enjoying the historic architecture and the quirky alien sculptures that line the sidewalks.

For a more traditional shopping experience, visitors can head to the Roswell Mall located on North Main Street. This enclosed shopping center features several well-known department stores, clothing retailers, and a cinema. It serves as a convenient one-stop destination for clothing, electronics, and travel essentials if you need to restock during your trip.

Travelers interested in local flavors should look out for the Roswell Farmers and Gardeners Market. typically held seasonally on Saturday mornings at the distinct Roswell fairgrounds or downtown locations. Here, you can find fresh produce from the Pecos Valley, including chilies, seasonal vegetables, and handmade crafts from local artisans. It is a great way to support the community and taste the region's agricultural heritage.

When it comes to souvenirs, the options are truly out of this world. The most popular items are undoubtedly alien-themed merchandise, ranging from t-shirts and glow-in-the-dark figurines to serious UFO literature. A prime spot to hunt for these treasures is Alien Zone, which combines a vast gift shop with fun photo opportunities. It is the perfect place to pick up a quirky keepsake that screams "Roswell."

Beyond the sci-fi novelties, the region is famous for its agriculture. Pecans are a major local crop, and you can buy them fresh, roasted, or candied. Additionally, New Mexico's growing wine industry is well-represented here. Visitors often stop by Pecos Flavors Winery and Bistro not just for a drink, but to browse their market section, which sells bottles of local wine, cheeses, and gourmet gifts that make for excellent edible souvenirs.

Standard store opening hours are generally from 10:00 AM to 9:00 PM for major retailers and malls, though they may close earlier on Sundays, typically around 6:00 PM. Smaller, independent boutiques in the downtown area often operate from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM and may be closed on Sundays. Credit and debit cards are universally accepted, though having a small amount of cash is useful for market stalls or small purchases.

Regarding taxes, the United States does not have a national VAT refund system for international tourists. In Roswell, a sales tax (technically a Gross Receipts Tax) is added to the advertised price of goods at the register. Visitors should be prepared for the final total to be slightly higher than the price tag on the shelf.