Nowshahr

Welcome to Nowshahr, a picturesque port city that serves as a gateway to the natural wonders of the Mazandaran Province. Nestled along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea, this charming destination offers a perfect blend of maritime atmosphere and lush greenery. With a population of approximately 49,000 residents, it provides a peaceful yet lively environment for travelers seeking a break from the bustle of larger metropolises.

Geographically, the city is uniquely positioned where the dense forests of the Alborz Mountains meet the shore. This proximity creates a stunning landscape and a humid, temperate climate that is distinct within Iran. The refreshing sea breeze and the verdant backdrop make it a favorite retreat for nature lovers and those looking to experience the scenic beauty of the country's northern region.

While the city is currently known for its strategic port and economic activity, the history of Nowshahr is deeply rooted in its transformation from a small coastal village to a significant urban center. Over the years, it has developed into a hub for trade and tourism, retaining a welcoming spirit that reflects its rich cultural heritage and the hospitality of its people.

Visitors are often drawn to the magnificent Sisangan Forest Park, a rare ecological gem where the forest floor extends almost to the sandy beaches. Another highlight is the Nowshahr Botanical Garden, which showcases a diverse collection of Hyrcanian plant species. Whether you are strolling along the harbor watching ships dock or exploring the nearby woodlands, the city offers a variety of memorable experiences.

If you are planning a trip to the Caspian coast, Nowshahr is an excellent choice for your itinerary. Its combination of accessibility, natural splendor, and recreational facilities makes it an ideal spot for relaxation and adventure alike.

The climate in this coastal city is generally mild and humid, heavily influenced by its proximity to the Caspian Sea. To plan your activities effectively, it is helpful to review the current weather in Nowshahr, as the region maintains a temperate atmosphere year-round without extreme temperature fluctuations.

Summers are warm and pleasant, making them a popular time for visitors. August is typically the warmest month, with average temperatures around 24.6°C and highs reaching up to 26.4°C. Winters are cool but remain relatively mild compared to inland areas; in January, the average temperature hovers around 8.5°C, with lows rarely dropping below 6°C.

Rainfall is a consistent feature of the local weather pattern, characterized by a high number of wet days throughout the year rather than heavy downpours. For instance, July can see up to 19 wet days, while October and November record slightly higher precipitation volumes of around 7mm. Expect warm summers with frequent damp days and mild, humid winters.

Beyond the scenic coastline and lush forests, Nowshahr holds intriguing stories that add depth to its charm. Here are some lesser-known details about this unique Caspian city:

• From Village to City: The name Nowshahr literally translates to "New City." Before its rapid modernization in the 20th century, it was a humble village known as "Dehno" (New Village) or "Habibabad," renamed only after the development of its major port facilities transformed its identity.

• European Engineering Roots: The construction of the strategic port, which defines much of the city's economy today, was a significant engineering feat in the 1930s carried out by a Dutch company. This project was pivotal in connecting the Caspian Sea trade routes with the central plateau of Iran.

• Guardian of Rare Trees: While Sisangan Forest Park is a popular tourist spot, few visitors know it was established in 1965 with a specific scientific mission: to preserve the endangered Boxwood (Shamshad) trees. These rare evergreens are a crucial part of the ancient Hyrcanian forest ecosystem.

• A Living Museum: The Nowshahr Botanical Garden is one of the oldest arboretums in the country. It serves as a critical genetic bank for Hyrcanian plant species, housing collections that represent flora dating back to the Tertiary geological period.

Reaching this coastal gem is an adventure in itself, often involving a scenic drive through the Alborz Mountains. While the city has its own small domestic airport, many visitors, especially those arriving from abroad or major Iranian hubs, choose to fly into larger transport centers nearby and continue by road. For a comprehensive guide on travel routes, you can read more about how to get to Nowshahr to plan your journey effectively.

The most significant gateway for many travelers is Mehrabad International Airport (THR), located in the capital city of Tehran. Although it is situated approximately 108 km away from Nowshahr, it serves as a primary hub for domestic flights across the country. The drive from the capital to the coast via the famous Chalus Road is breathtaking but can take around 3 hours by taxi, depending on traffic and weather conditions. This airport handles a massive volume of passengers annually, making it a bustling starting point for your trip to the north.

For international arrivals, the Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA), also in Tehran, is the main entry point. Located about 141 km from Nowshahr, it connects Iran to the rest of the world. The journey from here typically involves traveling around the outskirts of Tehran before heading north, with a travel time of approximately 3.5 to 4 hours by taxi. Another regional option is the Dashte Naz Airport in Sari, roughly 152 km to the east, which offers an alternative route along the Caspian coastline.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports in the region:

Regarding rail travel, Nowshahr does not have a direct railway station. The Iranian railway network connects major cities like Tehran to Sari in the east and Rasht in the west, but the lines do not pass directly through Nowshahr. Visitors preferring public transport usually take a bus from Tehran's terminals, which is a popular and affordable way to navigate the mountain roads safely.

The city of Nowshahr is a haven for nature enthusiasts, offering a stunning array of landscapes where the dense Hyrcanian forests descend to meet the Caspian Sea. From protected ecological reserves to serene lakes hidden in the mountains, the local attractions provide a refreshing escape into the wild beauty of Northern Iran.

One of the most famous destinations in the region is Sisangan Forest Park. Covering a vast area along the coastline, this park is unique because it allows visitors to experience the lush forest and the sandy beach in a single location. It is particularly renowned for its rare boxwood trees and excellent facilities, including picnic spots, camping areas, and horse riding trails. The juxtaposition of tall green trees against the blue horizon of the sea creates a mesmerizing backdrop for photography and relaxation.

For those seeking tranquility away from the coast, Avidar Dam Lake is a hidden gem located approximately 30 kilometers east of the city. Nestled deep within the mountains near Sisangan, this man-made lake is surrounded by thick forests and features a small, picturesque island in its center. It is a popular spot for boating, fishing, and cycling around the perimeter. The cool mountain air and the reflection of the trees on the calm water make it an ideal location for a peaceful day trip.

Nature lovers and botany enthusiasts should not miss the Nowshahr Botanical Garden (Ecological Garden of Nowshahr). As one of the oldest and most important arboretums in the country, it serves as a sanctuary for diverse plant species, including many that are native to the ancient Hyrcanian forests. Walking through its well-maintained paths offers an educational journey through the region's rich biodiversity, with sections dedicated to medicinal plants, conifers, and ornamental flowers.

A bit further afield, but well within the reach of a day excursion, lies the historic Kandelous Village. Located in the mountainous Kojur district of Nowshahr, this village is famous for its cobblestone streets, traditional wooden architecture, and the impressive Kandelous Museum of Anthropology. The museum houses a vast collection of artifacts, documents, and tools that offer a deep dive into the cultural history and rural lifestyle of the Mazandaran people, making it a fascinating contrast to the natural attractions of the coast.

The local cuisine of Nowshahr is a delightful reflection of its geography, blending the fresh bounty of the Caspian Sea with the rich produce of the surrounding forests. As part of the Mazandaran province, the city offers a culinary experience defined by fragrant herbs, sour pomegranate notes, and generous use of walnuts. Food here is not just sustenance; it is a celebration of the region's lush landscape, making every meal a vibrant and colorful affair.

Seafood lovers will find themselves at home here, with the Caspian Whitefish being a local staple. One distinctive dish to try is Malavij, where the fish is stuffed with a aromatic paste made from walnuts, pomegranate molasses, and local herbs, then roasted to perfection. For meat enthusiasts, Kebab Torsh (Sour Kebab) is a must-have. Unlike standard kebabs, chunks of beef or lamb are marinated in a mixture of crushed walnuts, pomegranate paste, and herbs, resulting in a tender meat with a unique sweet-and-sour flavor profile.

No meal in Nowshahr is complete without the famous northern-style rice known as Kateh. Cooked without draining the water to preserve its nutrients and flavor, it has a slightly sticky texture that pairs perfectly with the region's stews. Dining tables are often crowded with delicious side dishes, or "mazze," such as Zeytoon Parvardeh—olives marinated with walnuts, pomegranate, and garlic—and Naz Khatun, a zesty condiment made from roasted eggplant and herbs.

When it comes to beverages, the culture revolves heavily around tea. The northern region of Iran is the heart of the country's tea cultivation, so you can expect fresh, high-quality black tea served steaming hot, often accompanied by rock candy or dates. For a refreshing cold drink, locals enjoy Doogh, a savory yogurt-based beverage often infused with dried mint or rose petals, which provides a cooling balance to the rich flavors of the main courses.

The food culture in Nowshahr is warm and communal. You will find a mix of modern restaurants and traditional eateries where families gather to share large platters. While exploring the city, looking for places that serve "home-style" cooking is highly recommended, as these often provide the most authentic taste of Mazandaran's culinary heritage. The local markets are also worth a visit to see the fresh piles of greens, garlic, and fish that form the backbone of this incredible diet.

To ensure your visit to Nowshahr is as smooth and enjoyable as possible, it is helpful to be prepared for the unique customs and logistics of the region. These practical tips will help you navigate the local culture, climate, and daily life in this beautiful coastal city with confidence.

1. Clothing and Gear: Since Nowshahr is located in a humid, coastal region, breathable fabrics like cotton or linen are essential during the warm summers. However, you must adhere to Iran's dress code: women are required to wear a headscarf and loose-fitting clothing that covers the body, while men should wear long trousers (shorts are not acceptable in public). Given the frequent rainfall in Mazandaran, packing a sturdy umbrella or a lightweight raincoat is highly recommended regardless of the season.
2. Transportation: The city does not have a metro system, so the most convenient way to get around is by using shared taxis or private cabs. Ride-hailing apps like Snapp or Tapsi are widely used and function similarly to Uber; they are often cheaper and overcome language barriers since you set the destination on the map. While car rentals are available, navigating the local traffic can be challenging for newcomers, so hiring a driver is often a more relaxing option.
3. Finances: The local currency is the Iranian Rial (IRR). It is crucial to know that international credit cards like Visa or Mastercard do not work in Iran due to banking restrictions. You must bring enough cash (USD or EUR) for your entire trip and exchange it at authorized exchange offices called "Sarafi." Alternatively, you can obtain a "Tourist Card" (a local prepaid debit card) upon arrival at major airports to avoid carrying large bundles of cash.
4. Health and Safety: Nowshahr is generally a very safe destination for tourists. Pharmacies, known as "Daru-khaneh," are easy to find and often have English-speaking staff. A specific safety tip for this coastal city is to be cautious when swimming in the Caspian Sea; strictly swim only in designated areas with lifeguards, as the underwater currents can be surprisingly strong and dangerous.
5. Communication: The official language is Persian (Farsi). While younger people may speak some English, it is not widely spoken by taxi drivers or shopkeepers. It is highly advisable to buy a local SIM card (Irancell or MCI) immediately upon arrival to have internet access for translation apps and maps. Learning a few basic words like "Salam" (Hello) and "Mamnoon" (Thank you) will go a long way in connecting with locals.
6. Local Etiquette: Iranians are famous for "Taarof," a complex system of politeness. If a shopkeeper or driver initially refuses payment, it is a gesture of respect, not a free offer; you should insist on paying. When entering a local home or certain traditional dining areas, always remove your shoes. Greetings between opposite genders usually involve a polite nod rather than a handshake, unless initiated by the local person.
7. What to Avoid: Public displays of affection are culturally frowned upon and should be avoided. Additionally, alcohol is strictly prohibited by law in Iran; do not attempt to bring it into the country or ask for it in restaurants. Respecting these norms ensures a hassle-free experience and shows respect for local traditions.
8. Additional Tip: Be mindful of the Iranian weekend, which falls on Thursday and Friday. Nowshahr is a popular getaway for residents of Tehran, meaning traffic on the roads leading to the city (especially the Chalus Road) and crowds at popular attractions like Sisangan Forest Park peak significantly during these days. For a quieter experience, try to visit major sights mid-week.

By keeping these practical points in mind, you will be well-equipped to embrace the warm hospitality and stunning nature of Nowshahr. A little preparation allows you to focus less on logistics and more on the memorable experiences waiting for you on the Caspian coast.

Nightlife in Nowshahr offers a distinct and charming experience that differs significantly from the western concept of clubs and bars. Here, the evening entertainment revolves around socializing, dining, and enjoying the pleasant coastal atmosphere. As the sun sets over the Caspian Sea, the city comes alive with families, groups of friends, and travelers strolling through the streets, shopping in modern centers, or relaxing by the water. The vibe is laid-back and welcoming, with a focus on community and culinary delights rather than loud music or dancing.

The most bustling district for evening activities is undoubtedly the Sitra Beach Complex (also known as Plage-e Sitra). This expansive recreational area serves as the city's nightly hub, where the sound of waves provides a soothing background to a lively scene. During the warmer months, the area remains active well past midnight, filled with people walking along the pier, enjoying picnics on the sand, or riding bicycles. It is a perfect spot to witness the local lifestyle, where the dress code is casual yet modest, respecting local customs while enjoying the cool sea breeze.

For those looking to combine shopping with leisure, the Langar Shopping Center is a popular destination in the heart of the city. This modern complex attracts a trendy crowd and offers a variety of boutiques, cafes, and entertainment options. It is an excellent place to grab a late-night coffee, browse for souvenirs, or simply people-watch. The atmosphere here is vibrant and family-friendly, making it a safe and enjoyable environment for tourists of all ages.

Dining is the cornerstone of Nowshahr's nightlife, and no visit is complete without a feast at one of the city's renowned establishments. Hasan Rashtii Restaurant is a local legend, famous for serving authentic Mazandarani cuisine in a bustling setting. It is the ideal venue to try rich stews and fresh seafood while surrounded by the energetic chatter of locals. Another favorite pastime is visiting traditional tea houses, where you can sip on hot tea and enjoy the company of friends late into the night.

Practical advice for enjoying the night includes timing your outings between 8:00 PM and midnight, when the streets are most alive. Shops and restaurants typically stay open late, especially in summer. Getting around is easy with shared taxis or ride-hailing apps, which are affordable and reliable. The city is generally very safe for night walks, particularly in well-lit areas like the Sitra complex and the city center, but it is always wise to keep your valuables secure and stay in populated zones.

While the nights are for relaxing, daytime entertainment in Nowshahr offers its own set of adventures. Visitors can explore the lush trails of Sisangan Forest Park, enjoy swimming in designated coastal zones, or take a short trip to nearby amusement parks that feature cable cars and karting tracks. Whether day or night, the city provides a delightful mix of nature and culture to keep you entertained.

While Nowshahr is primarily celebrated for its bustling port and coastal charm, its true soul lies in the verdant landscapes and cultural treasures that surround it. The city serves as a perfect base for exploring some of the most unique ecological zones in Northern Iran, where ancient forests meet the sea, and history is preserved in mountain villages rather than traditional city halls.

Sisangan Forest Park is arguably the most significant natural attraction in the region and a must-visit for any traveler. Located about 27 kilometers east of the city, this expansive park is a rare ecological phenomenon where the dense Hyrcanian forest—a UNESCO World Heritage site—extends all the way to the sandy shores of the Caspian Sea. It was originally established to preserve the endangered Boxwood trees (Shamshad), and today it offers a fantastic array of facilities. Visitors can enjoy camping sites, picnic gazebos, and horse riding trails that weave through the towering trees, offering a unique contrast between the cool forest shade and the sunny beach.

For those interested in botany and quiet reflection, the Nowshahr Botanical Garden (also known as the Arboretum) is a living library of nature. Established in the 1930s, this 35-hectare garden is one of the oldest in the country and plays a crucial role in genetic research. It houses hundreds of plant species, including exotic trees and flowers from around the world as well as native Hyrcanian flora. It acts as a serene sanctuary right in the city, perfect for a leisurely educational walk away from the crowds.

Another popular spot for relaxation is the Sitra Beach Complex. Functioning as a massive coastal park, it is the heartbeat of the city's recreational life. Unlike the wilder nature of Sisangan, Sitra is designed for family fun and comfort, featuring paved walking paths, playgrounds, and designated swimming zones with lifeguards. It is the ideal place to watch the sunset, rent a bike, or simply enjoy the sea breeze in a well-maintained, park-like environment.

When it comes to museums, the region's cultural crown jewel is the Kandelous Cultural Complex. Although located in the mountainous village of Kandelous (part of the Nowshahr county), it is the primary museum destination for visitors to the city. This remarkable institution is often cited as the first "rural museum" in the world. Housed in a beautiful stone building that blends into the village architecture, it displays a vast collection of artifacts ranging from ancient pottery and agricultural tools to historical documents and traditional clothing. It offers a fascinating glimpse into the millennia-old lifestyle of the Mazandaran people, far deeper than what you might find in a typical urban gallery.

While Nowshahr itself does not have many large indoor museums, the Herbarium of the Botanical Garden serves as a specialized scientific museum for nature enthusiasts. It contains a comprehensive collection of dried plant specimens that document the rich biodiversity of the Southern Caspian region. For visitors with a keen interest in natural history, this facility provides a deeper scientific context to the lush greenery seen throughout the province.

Insider Tip: For a truly immersive natural experience that feels like a "wild park," head to Tang-e Dar (Dar Canyon). Located just a few kilometers from the city, this river trek takes you through a moss-covered canyon that locals call the "Amazon of Iran." Walking through the cool river waters surrounded by high green walls is an adventurous alternative to a standard park visit, especially refreshing during the summer heat.

Given the relatively small size of Nowshahr, the public transport system is simple and straightforward, differing significantly from the complex networks found in major capitals. There is no metro, tram, or train system operating within the city limits. Instead, the local transportation network relies almost entirely on road-based options, specifically a combination of shared taxis, private cabs, and a limited bus service that connects the city center to the surrounding suburbs.

The most common and efficient way for locals and tourists to get around is by using Shared Taxis, locally known as "Savari" or "Taxi Khattee." These are typically yellow or green sedans that drive along fixed routes, usually between major squares or landmarks. They function similarly to a bus service but with the speed of a car. You hail them from the side of the road, and they stop to pick up other passengers until the vehicle is full. This is a very affordable option, costing only a fraction of a private taxi fare.

For payment, cash is king in Nowshahr's public transport system. Unlike larger cities that use digital travel cards for buses and metros, drivers here generally accept only Iranian Rials (IRR) in cash. It is highly advisable to carry small denominations of banknotes, as drivers may not always have change for large bills. Fares for shared taxis are fixed for specific routes, though they are rarely displayed; you can simply watch what other passengers pay or ask the driver "Chand?" (How much?) before getting in.

For tourists who prefer a more private and hassle-free experience, ride-hailing applications are the best alternative. Apps like Snapp and Tapsi are widely operational in Nowshahr and the wider Mazandaran province. These function similarly to international counterparts like Uber. The major advantage for visitors is that the price is set in advance within the app, eliminating the need to haggle or worry about language barriers. You can pay via the app if you have a local bank card, or select the "Cash" option to pay the driver directly upon arrival.

While there are public buses, they are generally slower and less frequent than taxis, often used more for connecting Nowshahr to neighboring towns like Chalus rather than for short trips within the city center. If you do choose to take a bus, you will likely pay the driver in cash upon entry or exit. Operating hours for public transport typically run from early morning around 6:00 AM until late evening, roughly 10:00 PM or 11:00 PM in the summer, though service frequency drops significantly after sunset.

A practical tip for travelers is to be aware of local etiquette regarding seating. In shared taxis, if you are a solo traveler, be mindful that unrelated men and women usually try not to sit tightly next to each other in the back seat if possible. If you are unsure about the route or the fare, simply using a ride-hailing app is the safest and most convenient bet for navigating the city comfortably.

Finding the right place to stay in Nowshahr is a straightforward process, as the city is well-equipped to handle the large influx of visitors it receives throughout the year. The accommodation landscape here is quite distinct from other parts of the country; while you will find standard hotels, the market is heavily dominated by private villa rentals and apartment hotels. Options range from budget-friendly suites near the city center to luxurious beachfront villas and secluded forest chalets tucked away in the foothills of the Alborz Mountains.

For those who prefer the convenience and services of a traditional stay, there are several mid-range hotels and "Apart-Hotels" located primarily along the coastal road. These establishments often offer easy access to the beach and are situated close to major recreational hubs like the Sitra Beach Complex. Staying in this area is ideal for tourists who want to be within walking distance of the sea, restaurants, and evening entertainment options.

A unique feature of lodging in Northern Iran, including Nowshahr, is the immense popularity of renting private villas, locally known as "Vila." These furnished homes are available for short-term rent and are scattered throughout the city and its outskirts. They range from simple, cozy cottages to extravagant mansions complete with swimming pools and landscaped gardens. Many travelers prefer this option as it offers more privacy and space, making it perfect for families or large groups.

If you are a nature lover seeking tranquility, consider looking for accommodation slightly inland, towards the forest areas near Sisangan or the scenic roads leading into the mountains. Here, you can find eco-lodges and wooden cabins that offer a peaceful retreat surrounded by lush greenery, providing a stark contrast to the humid and bustling atmosphere of the coast.

Booking Tips and Prices:
The cost of accommodation in Nowshahr can fluctuate significantly depending on the season and the day of the week. Prices generally spike during weekends (Thursday and Friday) and public holidays, especially during the Persian New Year (Nowruz) and summer. It is highly recommended to book your stay in advance if you plan to visit during these peak times. While hotels can often be booked through local online platforms, many private villas are rented via direct negotiation or through local agencies. For international travelers, securing a confirmed booking through a reliable agent beforehand is the safest approach.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Nowshahr serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations:

One of the most historically significant destinations within easy reach is Amol. Located approximately 80 kilometers to the east, this ancient city is often referred to as the gateway to the Alborz mountains. Amol is renowned for its rich heritage, featuring landmarks such as the Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge and the Fire Temple of Amol. It also serves as a primary access point for those wishing to get closer to the majestic Mount Damavand, the highest peak in the Middle East. The drive itself, passing through lush landscapes, is part of the charm.

Another captivating option is Babol, known affectionately as the "City of Orange Blossoms." Situated a bit further east, Babol is a hub of commerce and culture in the Mazandaran province. It is famous for its vibrant bazaars, where visitors can immerse themselves in the local lifestyle and purchase fresh citrus fruits, traditional sweets, and handicrafts. The city offers a lively atmosphere that contrasts with the quieter coastal vibe of Nowshahr, making it an excellent spot for urban exploration and culinary adventures.

For travelers willing to undertake a longer but incredibly scenic journey, the capital city of Tehran is accessible via the famous Chalus Road. While it is a major metropolis requiring more time to fully explore, the route connecting Nowshahr to Tehran is considered one of the most beautiful roads in the world, winding through dramatic mountain passes and dense forests.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region.

Shopping in Nowshahr offers a delightful immersion into the local culture of the Mazandaran province. While the city may not be a massive metropolis filled with high-end luxury fashion houses, it provides a vibrant retail scene that perfectly blends modern convenience with traditional charm. The experience here is less about hunting for international designer brands and more about discovering authentic local products, fresh regional produce, and the warm hospitality of the shopkeepers.

The heart of the city's commercial activity lies in its downtown area, particularly along the main boulevards and the streets surrounding the central squares. Here, visitors can stroll past a variety of independent boutiques selling clothing, shoes, and household goods. These streets are bustling with energy, especially in the evenings, making them a pleasant place for a casual walk and some window shopping.

For those seeking a more modern shopping environment, the Langar Shopping Center is a key destination. As one of the most prominent commercial complexes in the city, it houses a collection of stores offering apparel, accessories, and cosmetics. It is a comfortable spot to escape the humidity of the outdoors and browse for contemporary fashion items or gifts in an air-conditioned setting.

However, the true highlight of shopping in Nowshahr is undoubtedly its traditional markets. The Nowshahr Daily Market (Bazaar-e Rooz) is a sensory explosion that no tourist should miss. This is where the soul of the city resides, filled with the aroma of fresh herbs, citrus fruits, and the catch of the day from the Caspian Sea. The fish market section is particularly famous, offering excellent quality whitefish and sturgeon. Walking through the narrow aisles, you will see locals bargaining for fresh vegetables, garlic, and colorful piles of spices.

When it comes to souvenirs, the best items to bring back are edible treats that define the region's culinary identity. Zeytoon Parvardeh (marinated olives with walnuts and pomegranate paste) is a must-buy delicacy. Other popular choices include jars of homemade jams (especially orange blossom or sour cherry), various types of Torshi (pickles), and Lavashak (fruit leather). For non-food items, look for local handicrafts such as wicker baskets and wooden kitchenware, which reflect the artistry of the forest-dwelling communities.

Store opening hours in Nowshahr typically follow the traditional Iranian schedule. Shops usually open around 9:00 AM or 10:00 AM and may close for a midday break (siesta) between 1:00 PM and 4:00 PM, reopening in the late afternoon and staying active until 10:00 PM or later. The traditional bazaar starts earlier, often at sunrise, to offer the freshest produce. Regarding payment, cash (Iranian Rials) is the most reliable method, especially in markets and smaller shops. While modern stores accept local debit cards, international credit cards like Visa or Mastercard are not accepted, so ensure you have sufficient local currency.

Tourists should be aware that a tax-free shopping refund system, similar to those found in Europe or other major tourist destinations, is not currently available in Iran. The prices displayed are generally final, though friendly bargaining is common and expected in the traditional bazaars when purchasing unpriced items or buying in bulk.