Samsun

Samsun is a vibrant and significant port city located on the northern coast of Turkey. Often referred to as the "Capital of the Black Sea," it serves as a major commercial and cultural hub for the region. The city offers a unique blend of modern urban energy, lush green parks, and a refreshing coastal atmosphere, making it a distinct destination for travelers exploring the Black Sea coastline.

Geographically, the city stretches along a wide bay between the deltas of the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak rivers, providing it with fertile lands and beautiful scenery. With a population of over 1.3 million, Samsun is a bustling metropolis that maintains a friendly and welcoming vibe. The climate is typical of the Black Sea region, characterized by warm, humid summers and cool, damp winters, ensuring the surrounding landscapes remain verdant throughout the year.

The history of Samsun is pivotal to the nation's narrative, marking the starting point of the movement that led to the foundation of the modern republic. Beyond its recent historical importance, the area has been inhabited for millennia, with roots stretching back to ancient civilizations. Today, visitors can explore this heritage through various museums and monuments scattered across the city.

Travelers will find plenty to see and do, from visiting the iconic Bandırma Ferry Museum, a replica of the ship that changed the course of history, to taking a scenic cable car ride up to Amisos Hill. This hilltop offers breathtaking panoramic views of the city and the sea, along with ancient rock tombs discovered in the area. Another unique attraction is the Amazon Village, a thematic park dedicated to the legendary female warriors who are believed to have lived in this region.

Whether you are interested in exploring rich cultural landmarks, enjoying fresh seafood at a seaside restaurant, or simply strolling along the extensive waterfront promenade, Samsun promises a memorable experience. It is an excellent starting point for discovering the natural beauty and cultural depth of the Black Sea region.

The climate in this Black Sea city is generally temperate, offering distinct seasons that appeal to different types of travelers. For a more comprehensive breakdown of what to expect during your visit, you can consult the detailed guide to the weather in Samsun.

Summers are pleasant and warm without being scorching, making it a great time for coastal activities. During the peak months of July and August, average temperatures hover around 22°C to 23°C, with daytime highs reaching up to 26.1°C. These are also the driest months of the year, with July seeing as few as 5 wet days, providing plenty of sunshine for exploration.

Winters are cool and damp, though extreme cold is rare. From December to February, average temperatures range from 6°C to 9°C, with minimums dipping to around 3°C. Visitors should be prepared for frequent precipitation during the cooler months, as March can experience up to 16 wet days. Overall, you can expect warm, comfortable summers and cool, rainy winters.

• According to ancient mythology and historical accounts, the legendary Amazon warriors—a tribe of fierce female fighters—inhabited the region around the Thermodon River in the nearby district of Terme. This deep-rooted legend is a significant part of the local cultural identity, celebrating the strong women who are said to have founded many cities in Anatolia.

• Samsun is unexpectedly one of the world's leading centers for the production of medical tools, often compared to Tuttlingen in Germany for its cluster of manufacturers. This industrial prowess is celebrated at the unique Museum of Surgical Instruments and Health, which showcases the city's significant contribution to the global medical sector.

• The city's iconic Statue of Honor is not just a monument but an engineering feat by Austrian sculptor Heinrich Krippel. Depicting Mustafa Kemal Atatürk on a rearing horse, the statue is balanced entirely on the horse's two hind legs, a dynamic and difficult pose that symbolizes strength and defiance.

• For decades, the city was synonymous with high-quality tobacco production, a heritage that shaped its economic rise in the 19th and 20th centuries. This history is preserved at the Tobacco Pier, which recreates the historic jetty where the famous local tobacco was once loaded onto cargo ships for export.

Reaching this bustling Black Sea metropolis is relatively easy thanks to its well-connected transport infrastructure. Whether you are arriving by air or planning a road trip along the coast, there are several convenient options. You can find more about how to get to Samsun and the specific routes available in our detailed guide.

The primary gateway for most travelers is Samsun-Çarşamba Airport (SZF), located approximately 19 km east of the city center. As a major international hub in the region, it handles a large volume of passenger traffic year-round. The journey from the airport to downtown typically takes around 50 minutes by taxi or airport shuttle, offering a quick and comfortable transition to your destination.

For those who cannot find a suitable direct flight, there are alternative airports in neighboring cities. Merzifon Airport (MZH) in Merzifon is situated about 85 km away, making it a viable option with a transfer time of roughly 2.5 hours. Another possibility is Ordu Giresun Airport (OGU) in Ordu, located 150 km to the east. While further away, requiring a drive of approximately 4 hours, it serves as a significant regional entry point with frequent connections.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

Samsun offers a fascinating array of attractions that blend its deep-rooted history with its scenic coastal beauty. From museums that chronicle the birth of a nation to hilltops offering sweeping vistas, the city provides diverse experiences for every type of traveler. Here are some of the top places to visit during your stay.

One of the most significant landmarks in the city is the Bandırma Ferry. This site features an exact replica of the ship that carried Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his comrades to Samsun in 1919, a journey that ignited the Turkish War of Independence. Today, it serves as a museum where visitors can explore the cabins, view wax figures of the crew, and examine historical documents. It is a moving experience that connects guests directly to the pivotal moments of the region's past.

For those seeking breathtaking views and a touch of ancient history, Amisos Hill is a must-visit destination. Accessible by a short and scenic cable car ride, the hilltop offers panoramic vistas of the city and the Black Sea. Beyond the scenery, the site is home to the Baruthane Tumuli, ancient rock tombs dating back to the Hellenistic period. Walking through the pine trees and exploring these archaeological treasures makes for a peaceful and educational escape from the city center.

To gain a deeper understanding of the local culture and heritage, travelers should head to the Samsun City Museum. Housed in the historical railway lodgings, this museum is praised for its engaging exhibits that narrate the social and economic life of the city. Displays cover a wide range of topics, from traditional crafts and culinary history to the city's devastating fires and its development as a trade hub. It provides a comprehensive and intimate look at what makes Samsun unique.

Nature lovers and families will find plenty to enjoy at Samsun Western Park. This expansive recreational area stretches along the coastline, offering lush green spaces, long walking paths, and fresh sea air. It is a favorite spot for locals to relax, jog, or have a picnic by the water. The park also hosts the famous Amazon Village, a thematic area featuring wax sculptures and huts that bring the legend of the fierce female warriors who once lived in the region to life.

The culinary scene in Samsun is a delightful reflection of its Black Sea heritage, characterized by fresh ingredients, rich flavors, and a deep love for dough-based dishes. For any visitor, the city offers a gastronomic journey that goes far beyond standard Turkish fare, boasting regional specialties that are famous throughout the country. The food culture here is unpretentious yet deeply satisfying, revolving around shared meals and locally sourced produce.

Undoubtedly, the crown jewel of the local kitchen is Samsun Pidesi. While pide is common across Turkey, Samsun is widely considered its capital, offering distinct regional varieties that locals fiercely defend. You must try the Bafra Pidesi, a long, thin, and crunchy closed boat of dough stuffed with minced meat, or the softer, open-faced Terme and Çarşamba versions. For an authentic taste of this iconic dish, travelers often visit the renowned Samsun Pide Restaurant, which specializes in these traditional recipes.

Given its coastal location, seafood plays a massive role in the daily diet. The Black Sea anchovy, known as hamsi, is a staple during the winter months. It is prepared in countless ways, from simple frying to being baked in rice (hamsi pilavı). Another unique local flavor is turşu kavurması, a dish made by sautéing pickled green beans or cabbage with onions and spices, often served as a warm appetizer or a side dish.

For a quick snack or breakfast, look for the famous Samsun Simidi. Unlike the sesame rings found elsewhere in Turkey, the local version is boiled in hot molasses before baking, giving it a distinctive dark color and an exceptionally crunchy texture. It is best enjoyed with a glass of piping hot Turkish tea, which is consumed in large quantities throughout the day. For a refreshing non-alcoholic pairing with heavy meals, ayran (a salty yogurt drink) is the standard choice, while rakı is the traditional accompaniment for long seafood dinners.

The dining atmosphere in the city ranges from casual street-side bakeries to established family-run venues. Locals typically prefer places that have stood the test of time, valuing consistency and flavor over trendiness. A great example of such an establishment is Yakup Usta Eski Kapı Restaurant, where visitors can enjoy hearty local meals in a welcoming setting. Whether you are dining by the harbor or in the bustling city center, the hospitality in Samsun is as memorable as the food.

Visiting Samsun offers a unique glimpse into the authentic Black Sea lifestyle, but a little local knowledge can make your trip much smoother and more enjoyable. To help you navigate the city with ease and confidence, we have compiled a list of essential practical tips for your journey.

1. Clothing and Gear: The Black Sea climate is known for its humidity and unpredictability. Even in summer, evenings can be cool, so it is wise to pack layers. A lightweight rain jacket or a sturdy umbrella is a must-have year-round, as showers can occur unexpectedly. Comfortable walking shoes are essential for exploring the long coastal promenade. If you plan to visit mosques, bring modest clothing; women should have a scarf to cover their heads, and both men and women should cover their knees and shoulders.
2. Transportation: The city has an efficient light rail system called the Tramvay (Samray), which runs along the coast and connects major points of interest. To use it, you will need to purchase a rechargeable Samkart at kiosks near the stops. For areas not reached by the tram, dolmuş (shared minibuses) are the most popular and affordable option; simply check the destination sign in the window. Taxis are available, but ensure the meter is running.
3. Finances: The local currency is the Turkish Lira (TRY). While credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, shopping malls, and larger restaurants, cash is king for small purchases. You will definitely need cash for dolmuş rides, street food vendors, and small tea houses. ATMs are plentiful throughout the city. Tipping is appreciated; leaving about 10% in restaurants is standard practice.
4. Health and Safety: Samsun is generally a safe city for tourists. Pharmacies, known as Eczane, are easy to spot by their "E" sign. Standard pharmacies close in the evening and on Sundays, but there is always a designated "Nöbetçi Eczane" (on-duty pharmacy) open 24/7 in every neighborhood. Tap water is chlorinated but it is generally recommended to drink bottled water, which is cheap and readily available.
5. Communication: While staff at major hotels and university areas may speak English, it is not widely spoken by the general public or taxi drivers. It is highly recommended to download an offline translation app and map. Learning a few basic Turkish phrases like Merhaba (Hello) and Teşekkürler (Thank you) will be met with warm smiles. You can easily purchase a prepaid SIM card from major operators like Turkcell, Vodafone, or Türk Telekom in the city center with your passport.
6. Local Etiquette: Turkish hospitality is legendary, and Turkey is a culture that values social connection. If a local shopkeeper or new acquaintance offers you tea (çay), it is a gesture of friendship; accepting it is polite and a great way to chat. When entering a private home or a mosque, always remove your shoes.
7. What to Avoid: Avoid being impatient or rushing interactions. The pace of life here is often more relaxed than in Western Europe. Also, avoid taking photographs of local people, especially women or elders, without asking for permission first, as this can be considered intrusive.
8. Local Insight: Do not miss the chance to eat Samsun Simidi (a sesame-covered bread ring), but timing is everything. Locals insist that it must be eaten fresh, ideally in the morning or very early afternoon. By late afternoon, finding a fresh, crunchy simit becomes much harder, and the experience just isn't the same.

By keeping these practical points in mind, you will be well-prepared to embrace the local culture and enjoy everything this dynamic coastal city has to offer. Samsun is a welcoming destination, and a little preparation will ensure your memories are focused on its beautiful sights and delicious flavors.

Beyond its historical significance, Samsun is a lively city with a vibrant social scene and plenty of leisure activities. Whether you are looking for modern shopping experiences, relaxing green spaces, or cultural events, the city provides ample opportunities to unwind and have fun.

For shopping enthusiasts, the city serves as a major commercial hub for the region. Piazza Samsun is a favorite destination, located right on the coastline. It offers not only a wide range of international and local brands but also a spacious terrace with sea views, a cinema, and numerous dining options. In the heart of the city, Bulvar Shopping Mall provides a different experience with its open-air concept, nestled between historic buildings and lively pedestrian streets.

Families and those young at heart should not miss the Canik Toy Museum. Regarded as one of the largest of its kind in Turkey, this delightful museum showcases thousands of toys from different eras and countries. It offers a nostalgic journey for adults and a wonderland for children, highlighting the evolution of play over the centuries.

For a peaceful escape within the city, Love Lake (Sevgi Gölü) is a popular spot for locals and tourists alike. Situated near the coastline, this artificial lake is surrounded by walking paths, sitting areas, and restaurants. It is an ideal place for a romantic evening stroll or a relaxing afternoon watching the swans glide across the water. Nearby, East Park offers extensive green areas for picnics, sports, and outdoor activities.

When the sun sets, the energy of the city shifts to the Atakum district. The long coastal promenade here comes alive with vibrant cafes, music venues, and bistros. It is the center of the city's nightlife, where people gather to enjoy live music, socialize by the sea, and soak in the energetic atmosphere that defines this modern side of Samsun.

Samsun prides itself on being a city where nature and history converge seamlessly. Beyond its bustling ports and commercial districts, the city offers tranquil green spaces and impressive cultural institutions that invite visitors to pause and reflect on the region's rich heritage.

One of the most symbolic green spaces in the city is Atatürk Park. Located in the heart of the city, this park is not only a place for relaxation but also a site of great national importance, as it houses the famous Statue of Honor. It serves as a central gathering point where locals enjoy leisurely strolls amidst mature trees and well-kept gardens, offering a peaceful escape from the urban rhythm.

For those who enjoy coastal breezes while surrounded by greenery, Youth Park is another excellent destination. Situated near the waterfront, it provides a refreshing environment with its spacious lawns and walking paths. It is a favorite spot for families and students, perfect for an afternoon picnic or a simple walk to enjoy the fresh Black Sea air.

The city's commitment to preserving its past is evident in the modern Samsun Museum. This state-of-the-art facility offers a comprehensive look at the region's archaeology and ethnography. Exhibits range from ancient artifacts discovered in local excavations to displays showcasing the cultural evolution of the Black Sea coast, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts seeking a deeper understanding of Anatolian civilizations.

Another poignant cultural stop is the Veterans Museum. Dedicated to the heroes of the Turkish War of Independence, this museum houses personal belongings, photographs, and documents that narrate the stories of the soldiers who fought for the nation. It provides a moving and intimate perspective on the struggles and sacrifices that shaped modern Turkey.

In terms of historical landmarks, the Samsun Clock Tower stands as an elegant sentinel over Saathane Square. Restored to its former glory, it is a classic example of Ottoman-era architecture and serves as a charming meeting point. Nearby, visitors can admire the Samsun Central Mosque, a spiritual center that impresses with its stone craftsmanship and serene atmosphere.

For a truly authentic experience, take a walk around Saathane Square after visiting the Clock Tower. This area retains a nostalgic charm, and it is often quieter than the main boulevards, offering a glimpse into the daily life of old Samsun.

Navigating Samsun is straightforward and convenient, thanks to a well-integrated public transport network that caters effectively to both locals and visitors. The backbone of the city's transportation is the modern Light Rail System, locally known as the Tramvay. This tram line runs parallel to the coastline, connecting key locations such as the university, the city center, and the Tekkeköy district. It is not only a practical way to commute but also offers a scenic journey with views of the Black Sea, making it a favorite among tourists.

For destinations not covered by the tram, the city operates an extensive fleet of municipal buses that reach into the residential neighborhoods and inland districts. Complementing the buses are the ubiquitous dolmuş (minibuses). These offer a flexible and often faster alternative for shorter distances. They follow specific routes but can stop anywhere to pick up or drop off passengers upon request, making them a quintessential part of the local travel experience.

The primary method of payment for trams and municipal buses is the electronic travel card known as Samkart. These rechargeable cards can be purchased and topped up at kiosks, vending machines located near tram stops, and designated dealers throughout the city. A mobile app is also available, allowing users to check routes, timetables, and card balances. It is important to note that while the Samkart is used for official public transport, many privately operated dolmuş lines still accept cash payments directly to the driver.

A unique feature of the Samsun tram system is its distance-based fare structure. When using the Tramvay, you must scan your Samkart at the turnstile upon entering the station and scan it again at the exit turnstile when you leave. This second scan calculates the exact distance traveled and refunds the difference to your card balance. Failing to scan on exit will result in being charged the maximum fare for the entire line.

In addition to standard transit, the city offers a scenic cable car (Teleferik) that connects the Batı Park area on the coast to the archaeological site of Amisos Hill. While primarily a tourist attraction offering panoramic views, it also serves as a functional link to the hilltop facilities. For those who prefer active transport, the SAMBIS smart bike-sharing system provides bicycles for rent along the coastal promenade, perfect for a leisurely ride by the sea.

Public transport generally operates from early morning, around 06:00, until midnight. If you are traveling outside these hours or prefer a direct route, yellow taxis are plentiful and operate 24/7. They are metered, and it is standard practice to ensure the driver switches the meter on at the start of the journey. Car rental services are also available at the airport and city center for those wishing to explore the wider province at their own pace.

Finding the perfect place to stay in Samsun is relatively easy, as the city offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit various budgets and travel styles. As a major commercial and tourism hub on the Black Sea coast, the hospitality infrastructure is well-developed. Visitors can choose from modern 5-star luxury hotels belonging to international chains, comfortable mid-range business hotels, and smaller, budget-friendly guesthouses or apartments.

When choosing a location, most tourists gravitate towards two main areas depending on the nature of their visit. The Atakum district is the top choice for leisure travelers, especially during the summer months. Stretching along the coastline, this area offers a resort-like atmosphere with easy access to the beach, the long promenade, and a vibrant nightlife scene filled with cafes and restaurants. Staying here means waking up to sea views and being in the heart of the city's social life.

Alternatively, the city center, particularly the İlkadım district, is ideal for those interested in history, culture, and shopping. Hotels in this area are often within walking distance of major museums, administrative buildings, and transport hubs. Staying in the center places you right next to landmarks like the Samsun Clock Tower and the bustling Saathane Square, allowing you to immerse yourself in the daily rhythm of the city.

In terms of pricing, accommodation in Samsun is generally more affordable compared to Turkey's major tourist hotspots like Istanbul or Antalya. You can expect to find excellent value for money, with mid-range hotels offering high standards of service at reasonable rates. Budget travelers will also find plenty of clean and convenient options, particularly in the city center.

Most hotels can be easily booked through major online travel platforms, which is often the best way to secure competitive rates. While it is usually possible to find a room upon arrival, it is highly recommended to book in advance if you plan to visit during the peak summer season (July and August) or during national holidays, as the most popular seaside hotels in Atakum tend to fill up quickly.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Samsun serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations. The region is rich in history and natural beauty, offering diverse experiences just a short drive away.

One of the most visually stunning destinations in the region is Amasya. Nestled in a narrow gorge along the banks of the Yeşilırmak River, this city is famous for its well-preserved Ottoman houses that line the water's edge. Looming above them are the dramatic Rock Tombs of the Pontic Kings, carved directly into the limestone cliffs. It serves as a living open-air museum where visitors can walk through thousands of years of history in a single afternoon.

For nature lovers and food enthusiasts, Bafra is a compelling choice. Located to the west, it is the gateway to the Kızılırmak Delta Bird Sanctuary, a vast wetland area teeming with diverse bird species and natural beauty. The town is also legendary for its culinary contribution, the Bafra Pidesi—a long, thin, and crispy flatbread that is considered by many to be the best in the country.

If you prefer a charming coastal atmosphere, Ünye offers a relaxed seaside vibe combined with historical intrigue. Visitors can explore the ancient Ünye Castle, stroll along the sandy beaches, or enjoy the town's laid-back cafe culture. It provides a perfect mix of cultural sightseeing and leisure by the Black Sea.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region.

Shopping in Samsun offers a dynamic mix of modern convenience and traditional charm, reflecting its status as the commercial hub of the Black Sea region. From bustling pedestrian avenues to architecturally significant malls, the city provides diverse options for those looking to indulge in some retail therapy or find unique local goods.

The heart of the local shopping scene beats along Mecidiye Avenue (Mecidiye Caddesi) and Çiftlik Street (İstiklal Caddesi). These lively pedestrian zones are lined with a variety of boutiques, shoe stores, and patisseries. Strolling through these streets allows visitors to experience the city's daily rhythm, where locals shop for fashion and socialize in the many cafes scattered between the storefronts.

For a shopping experience that blends history with modern retail, Bulvar Shopping Mall is a standout destination. Located in the city center, this complex is housed within the restored buildings of the historic Samsun Tobacco Factory. Its open-air courtyards and industrial architecture provide a unique backdrop for browsing international and Turkish brands, making it as much a sightseeing stop as a place to shop.

Another key location is Piazza Samsun, the largest shopping center in the region. Situated along the coast, it hosts a vast selection of global retailers, electronics stores, and entertainment facilities. It is a convenient one-stop destination for travelers, offering everything from high-street fashion to essential travel gear.

For those seeking a more traditional market atmosphere, the Foreigners' Bazaar (Yabancılar Pazarı) near the port is a treasure trove of bargains. This sprawling covered market is famous for its affordable textiles, leather goods, and home accessories. It is the perfect place to practice bargaining skills and find inexpensive clothing or household items.

When it comes to souvenirs, the region's agricultural bounty offers excellent choices. Packages of roasted hazelnuts, a staple of the Black Sea coast, are a popular and delicious gift. Additionally, visitors can look for high-quality textile products, as the city has a strong tradition in the garment industry, offering good value for locally made fabrics and clothes.