Anyang

Welcome to Anyang, a city that serves as a profound testament to the ancient civilization of East Asia. Located in the northern part of Henan Province, this bustling metropolis is home to approximately 5.5 million people. As you explore its streets, you will find a fascinating mix of modern urban life and archaeological wonders that define this region of China.

Anyang is renowned as one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of the country, holding a special place in the nation's cultural narrative. The history of Anyang is incredibly rich, most notably serving as the center of the Shang Dynasty over 3,000 years ago. It is here that the famous oracle bones were discovered, bearing the earliest known form of Chinese writing. This deep heritage makes the city a pivotal location for understanding the origins of Chinese culture and language.

Visitors are consistently drawn to the UNESCO World Heritage site of Yin Xu (the Ruins of Yin), where they can marvel at excavations of royal tombs and palaces. Another unique highlight is the National Museum of Chinese Writing, which offers an immersive look into the evolution of characters and script. Whether you are a dedicated history enthusiast or a curious traveler, Anyang offers a captivating journey through time, inviting you to witness the cradle of Chinese archaeology firsthand.

The climate in Anyang is characterized by four distinct seasons, featuring hot summers and cold, dry winters. When planning your trip, it is helpful to check the weather in Anyang to ensure you pack appropriately for the conditions. Generally, the city experiences a wide variation in temperatures throughout the year, making spring and autumn particularly pleasant times for outdoor exploration.

Summers, spanning from June to August, are the warmest period, with average temperatures hovering around 28°C and daily highs reaching up to 33.5°C in June. This season also brings the most frequent rainfall; July and August are the wettest months, with approximately 12 wet days each, although the total precipitation volume remains relatively moderate. Visitors during this time should be prepared for warm days and occasional showers.

Winter brings a significant drop in temperature, with January being the coldest month. You can expect average temperatures near 0.4°C, with lows frequently dipping to -4.8°C. Precipitation is rare during the winter months, with December and January seeing only 1 to 2 wet days on average. Spring and autumn offer a comfortable middle ground, with average temperatures in May reaching 22.4°C and October cooling down to around 15.5°C.

Beyond the main attractions, Anyang holds many fascinating secrets that offer a deeper glimpse into its storied past and resilient spirit. Exploring the city reveals unique architectural feats and legendary sites that have shaped the culture of China for millennia.

• The Umbrella Pagoda: The Wenfeng Pagoda stands out due to its unusual inverted cone shape, making it larger at the top than at the bottom. This distinctive Ming Dynasty structure defies the traditional tapering design of most pagodas, creating a striking and memorable silhouette in the city center.

• Birthplace of the I Ching: Youli Castle is celebrated as the location where the ancient Book of Changes (I Ching) originated. According to historical records, King Wen of Zhou was imprisoned here for seven years, during which he deduced the 64 hexagrams, marking this site as the oldest recorded state prison in history.

• The Man-Made Heavenly River: The Red Flag Canal in the nearby Taihang Mountains is a monumental engineering feat built entirely by hand in the 1960s. Local villagers spent a decade carving this massive waterway through sheer cliffs to end a severe drought, earning it a reputation as a modern wonder of the region.

• A Warrior Queen's Legacy: While the ancient ruins are famous, the specific tomb of Lady Fu Hao offers a rare, intact look at a Shang Dynasty queen who was also a formidable military general. Unlike other royal tombs that were looted, hers contained thousands of bronze weapons and jade artifacts, confirming her high status and command over armies.

Reaching Anyang is relatively straightforward, offering travelers a mix of local and regional transport options. Whether you prefer flying directly into the area or utilizing the extensive rail networks of the surrounding provinces, you can find a route that suits your itinerary. For a comprehensive guide on all available transport methods, you can read more about how to get to Anyang.

For those traveling by air, the most convenient option is the local Anyang Hongqiqu Airport (IATA: HQQ). Located directly in the city of Anyang, it is approximately 26 km from the city center. A taxi or shuttle bus from here typically takes around 60 minutes to reach the downtown area. Alternatively, you can fly into Handan Airport (IATA: HDG), situated in the neighboring city of Handan. This airport is about 48 km away from Anyang, and the transfer by road usually takes approximately 90 minutes.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

If you are considering arriving by train, please note that while Anyang is well-connected, some travelers may route through major hubs in nearby cities depending on their point of origin. One of the closest major stops is Xingtai Railway Station in the city of Xingtai, located approximately 108 km from Anyang. From there, a transfer by taxi or bus would take about 3 hours. Another significant hub is Zhengzhou Railway Station in Zhengzhou, roughly 159 km away, which serves as a primary gateway for the province.

Below is a list of nearby railway stations that can serve as entry points to the region:

Anyang is a treasure trove of historical significance, offering visitors a chance to walk through the pages of ancient Chinese history. The city’s attractions range from archaeological sites of global importance to scenic wonders that showcase human perseverance. Here are some of the top places to explore during your visit.

Undoubtedly the most famous site is Yin Xu (The Ruins of Yin), a UNESCO World Heritage Site that served as the last capital of the Shang Dynasty. This expansive archaeological park is fascinating for tourists because it provides a direct link to a civilization over 3,000 years old. You can explore the Palace and Temple Area to see the foundations of ancient royal structures and visit the Royal Tombs to understand the burial customs of the time. The site is also home to the famous Chariot Pits, where actual chariots and horses were buried, offering a vivid glimpse into ancient military culture.

For a blend of natural beauty and engineering marvels, a trip to the Red Flag Canal is essential. Often referred to as the "Man-Made Heavenly River," this canal winds through the steep cliffs of the Taihang Mountains. It is a popular destination not only for its breathtaking mountain scenery but also for the story of the local people who carved it by hand in the 1960s. Walking along the canal’s edge or taking a boat tour offers spectacular views and a profound sense of inspiration.

The National Museum of Chinese Writing is another highlight that sets Anyang apart. As the only state-level museum in the country dedicated to the history of writing, it houses thousands of artifacts, including oracle bones, bronze wares, and bamboo slips. The museum’s architecture itself is striking, designed to resemble a Shang Dynasty palace with a modern twist. Tourists will appreciate the interactive exhibits that trace the evolution of Chinese characters from ancient symbols to the script used today.

Located in the heart of the city, the Wenfeng Pagoda offers a unique architectural experience. Built during the Five Dynasties period and reconstructed in the Ming Dynasty, it is famous for its "umbrella" shape, which is wider at the top than at the bottom. Visitors can admire the intricate brick carvings of Buddhist figures on the pagoda's exterior. If you are feeling energetic, you can climb the steep stairs to the top for a panoramic view of Anyang’s cityscape, blending the old with the new.

The culinary scene in Anyang offers a robust taste of Central Plains cuisine, deeply rooted in the traditions of Henan Province. The local food culture is heavily influenced by wheat, which is the staple crop of the region, resulting in a diet rich in noodles, dumplings, and steamed buns. Visitors will find that the flavors here are savory and hearty, designed to provide sustenance and warmth, particularly during the cooler months.

To truly eat like a local, you must start your day with a bowl of Bian Fen Cai. This is the quintessential Anyang breakfast, consisting of flat sweet potato vermicelli stewed in a rich bone broth with cubes of pig blood tofu, soybean curd, and seasonal vegetables. It is typically served piping hot and is best enjoyed with a side of steamed buns or flatbread. Locals often add a spoonful of chili oil and a dash of vinegar to elevate the savory flavors, making it a comforting and energizing way to begin the morning.

For a main course, the city's most famous culinary export is Daokou Roast Chicken. Originating from the nearby Hua County, this dish has a history spanning over three centuries and is considered one of China's top poultry dishes. The chicken is fried and then simmered in a broth containing a secret blend of medicinal herbs and spices. The result is meat so tender that it falls off the bone with the slightest touch, possessing a unique aroma and a flavor that penetrates deep into the meat.

Another distinctive local specialty is Pi Zha, a dish that showcases the region's love for sweet potato starch. The starch is processed into a jelly-like block, which is then sliced and cooked. It can be stir-fried with garlic and chili for a crispy exterior and soft interior, or stewed in a soup where it absorbs the surrounding flavors. Its unique texture—simultaneously chewy and soft—makes it a favorite comfort food among residents.

When it comes to beverages, the local culture mirrors the broader traditions of northern China. Meals are often accompanied by hot tea, which aids digestion and balances the richness of the dishes. In the evenings, dining out is a social affair often paired with local beers or Baijiu, a strong clear spirit distilled from sorghum. For a non-alcoholic option, soy milk is widely available and freshly made, often served alongside the morning noodles.

Tourists looking to experience the authentic atmosphere of Anyang should explore the small eateries and street stalls scattered throughout the city center. While there are plenty of sit-down restaurants serving Daokou chicken, the true pulse of the city's food scene is found in the bustling breakfast markets and night vendors. Here, the aroma of simmering broths and frying spices fills the air, inviting travelers to pull up a stool and enjoy a meal shoulder-to-shoulder with the friendly locals.

Planning a trip to Anyang is an exciting venture into the deep roots of Chinese history, but a little preparation goes a long way in ensuring a smooth journey. To help you navigate the city comfortably and make the most of your visit to the ancient capital, here are some essential practical tips.

1. Clothing and Gear: The weather varies significantly by season. If visiting in summer, bring lightweight, breathable clothing and rain gear for the wet season. For winter trips, heavy coats and thermal layers are necessary as temperatures drop below freezing. Regardless of the season, pack sturdy, comfortable walking shoes, as exploring the expansive Yin Xu archaeological site requires a fair amount of walking.
2. Transportation: Anyang does not have a metro system, so the best way to get around is by taxi or ride-hailing apps like DiDi (the local equivalent of Uber). Public buses are extensive and affordable but can be challenging to navigate without knowledge of Chinese. Taxis are generally inexpensive and easy to flag down in the city center.
3. Finances: The local currency is the Renminbi (RMB). China is a nearly cashless society, so it is highly recommended to download Alipay or WeChat Pay and link your international credit card before arrival. While international cards are rarely accepted directly in shops or restaurants, they work well through these apps. Keep a small amount of cash for backup.
4. Health and Safety: Anyang is a safe city for tourists, but standard precautions apply. Do not drink tap water; always purchase bottled water, which is cheap and widely available. Pharmacies are usually marked with a green cross, but carrying a basic first-aid kit and your own prescription medications is advisable.
5. Communication: English is not widely spoken outside of high-end hotels and major tourist reception areas. It is essential to install a translation app on your phone that works offline or via data. Buying a local SIM card or setting up an eSIM with data roaming is crucial for navigation and translation on the go.
6. Local Etiquette: Politeness is highly valued. When handing over money, a business card, or a gift, use two hands as a sign of respect. When dining, wait for the host or the eldest person to start eating before you begin.
7. What to Avoid: Avoid leaving your chopsticks sticking vertically into a bowl of rice, as this resembles incense burned for the dead and is considered bad luck. Additionally, avoid public displays of anger or shouting, as maintaining harmony and "saving face" are important cultural concepts.
8. Ticket Requirements: Unlike in many other countries, you will often need your passport to purchase entry tickets for major attractions like the National Museum of Chinese Writing or the Red Flag Canal. Always carry it with you in a secure place.

With these practical tips in mind, you are well-equipped to enjoy the fascinating blend of ancient heritage and modern life that Anyang offers. Embrace the local customs, stay curious, and have a wonderful time exploring the cradle of Chinese civilization.

While Anyang is globally renowned for its ancient history, its nightlife offers a vibrant and surprisingly modern contrast to the archaeological wonders of the day. The city's evening entertainment is less about raucous nightclubs and more about lively social gatherings, illuminated streetscapes, and a culinary scene that truly comes alive after dark. For travelers, the night offers a chance to see the city relax, with locals filling the streets to enjoy food, music, and the company of friends.

The heart of Anyang's nightlife is undoubtedly Cangxiang Street. This beautifully renovated historical district transforms into a mesmerizing spectacle at night, with traditional red lanterns casting a warm glow over grey brick architecture. It is a bustling hub where you can find a mix of trendy teahouses, souvenir shops, and local snack vendors. The atmosphere here is lively yet nostalgic, making it the perfect place for a leisurely evening stroll. Photographers will particularly appreciate the contrast between the ancient-style buildings and the vibrant energy of the modern crowds.

For a more contemporary entertainment experience, Wanda Plaza in the Wenfeng District serves as a primary anchor for local nightlife. This massive commercial complex is surrounded by a variety of bars, KTV (karaoke) lounges, and restaurants that stay open late. It is a popular gathering spot for the city's younger generation. Here, you can catch the latest films at the cinema or find a polished lounge bar to enjoy a cocktail. The area represents the modern face of Anyang, offering a comfortable and familiar environment for international travelers looking for a place to unwind.

If you prefer a scenic and tranquil evening, a walk along the Huan River is highly recommended. Recent developments have turned the riverbanks into a scenic belt featuring impressive light shows and illuminated bridges. During the warmer months, you might catch a night tour boat or simply enjoy the cool breeze while watching the city lights reflect off the water. It is a safe and romantic area, popular with couples and families taking their post-dinner promenade.

Practical advice for enjoying Anyang at night includes planning your transportation in advance. While the city is very safe for walking, especially in well-lit areas like Cangxiang Street and around Wanda Plaza, public buses stop running relatively early. Taxis are affordable and plentiful, and ride-hailing apps like DiDi are the most convenient way to get back to your hotel. Dress codes are generally casual everywhere; comfort is key, as you will likely be doing a fair amount of walking.

Before the sun sets, Anyang offers a wealth of daytime entertainment focused on its rich heritage. A visit to the National Museum of Chinese Writing is essential for understanding the city's significance, while the Yin Xu archaeological site provides a profound look into the Shang Dynasty. These cultural heavyweights are the primary reason for visiting, but saving energy for the evening's vibrant street life will ensure you experience the full spectrum of what this fascinating city has to offer.

Anyang’s landscape is a harmonious blend of lush green spaces and institutions dedicated to preserving its millennia-old heritage. While the city is famous for its archaeological ruins, it also offers beautifully curated museums and serene parks where visitors can unwind and connect with the local culture. Exploring these venues provides a well-rounded perspective of the region, balancing the weight of history with the beauty of nature.

For a breath of fresh air within the city limits, Anyang People's Park is a favorite among locals and tourists alike. Located in the city center, this classic urban park features a tranquil lake where you can rent small boats and enjoy the scenery from the water. Shaded pathways lined with willow trees offer a cool escape during the warmer months. It is a vibrant hub of community life, where you can observe residents practicing Tai Chi, playing traditional instruments, or engaging in spirited games of chess, providing a genuine slice of daily life in China.

Nature enthusiasts willing to venture a bit further should explore the Taihang Grand Canyon. Situated within the administrative area of Anyang, this spectacular natural site is characterized by dramatic vertical cliffs, deep valleys, and cascading waterfalls. It serves as a stunning backdrop to the famous Red Flag Canal and offers numerous hiking trails that range from leisurely walks to challenging climbs. The area is particularly breathtaking in autumn when the foliage turns into a vibrant tapestry of red and gold.

When it comes to cultural institutions, the National Museum of Chinese Writing remains the city's premier facility. While it is a major attraction, delving into its galleries offers a specific focus on the evolution of human communication. The museum houses an extensive collection of oracle bones, bronze inscriptions, and bamboo slips, systematically showcasing how Chinese characters developed over thousands of years. The interactive exhibits make this complex subject accessible, allowing visitors to try their hand at calligraphy and understand the artistic value of the written word.

Another significant venue is the Anyang Museum. Often less crowded than the more famous sites, this modern facility provides a comprehensive overview of the region's general history, extending beyond just the Shang Dynasty. Its collections include exquisite ceramics, jade artifacts, and stone carvings that trace the cultural development of the area through various eras. It is an excellent place to gain a broader context of the city's timeline before visiting the specific archaeological ruins.

For a truly authentic experience, try visiting the Huan River Scenic Belt in the early morning or late afternoon. This revitalized green corridor along the riverbank connects several historical sites and offers a peaceful environment for walking or cycling. It is a wonderful spot to watch the sunset over the water while reflecting on the deep history that permeates the soil of this ancient capital.

The public transport system in Anyang is straightforward and primarily relies on an extensive network of public buses. Unlike China's larger metropolises, Anyang does not currently have an operational metro or subway system. For visitors, this means that buses are the main mode of mass transit for navigating the city center and reaching major historical sites like the Yin Xu ruins. The bus network is dense, covering most residential areas, commercial districts, and tourist attractions, making it a reliable option for getting around.

Bus fares in Anyang are very affordable, typically costing 1 or 2 RMB per ride, regardless of distance. The vehicles are generally modern and air-conditioned. You board at the front door and exit through the rear. It is important to note that operating hours in Anyang may be shorter than in bigger cities; most routes run from approximately 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM or 8:00 PM. While some main lines may operate a bit later, it is wise to check the schedule if you plan to be out late in the evening.

When it comes to payment, the system is transitioning rapidly towards digital solutions, though cash is still accepted. If you choose to pay with cash, you must have the exact change ready to drop into the fare box next to the driver, as no change is given. For a smoother experience, most locals use mobile payment apps like Alipay or WeChat Pay. Within these apps, you can activate a "Transport Code" (often found under "Ride" or "Transport" mini-apps) which generates a QR code that you scan at the card reader upon boarding. Physical transit cards exist but are less convenient for short-term visitors compared to mobile apps.

For those who prefer more direct and private transportation, taxis are plentiful and relatively inexpensive compared to Western standards. You can easily flag down a taxi on the street; they are usually marked and have a lighted sign on top. All legitimate taxis use a meter, so ensure the driver turns it on when you start your journey. Alternatively, ride-hailing apps like DiDi (accessible within the Alipay or WeChat apps or as a standalone app) are extremely popular. They offer the advantage of overcoming language barriers, as you can input your destination in English and see the estimated fare beforehand.

For short distances, shared bicycles are a fantastic way to see the city at your own pace. You will find yellow (Meituan), blue (HelloBike), or green (Didi Bike) bicycles parked on sidewalks throughout Anyang. To use them, you simply scan the QR code on the bike using the corresponding app or through Alipay/WeChat. This is an eco-friendly and efficient option for traveling between nearby attractions or getting from your hotel to a restaurant.

If you are planning to visit attractions located further afield, such as the Red Flag Canal in Linzhou, regular city buses will not take you there directly. Instead, you will need to take a long-distance bus or a tourist shuttle from one of Anyang's main bus stations, such as the Anyang Central Bus Station or the station near the railway. These intercity buses are comfortable and run on a fixed schedule, serving as the primary link between the city center and the scenic areas in the Taihang Mountains.

Accommodation in Anyang is generally affordable and diverse, catering to a mix of history enthusiasts, business travelers, and backpackers. While the city is steeped in ancient history, the hospitality sector is modernizing rapidly. Visitors can choose from a range of options, including well-appointed international-style hotels, reliable mid-range business chains, and budget-friendly guesthouses. Unlike China's major metropolises, luxury here is quite accessible, allowing travelers to enjoy high-quality amenities at a fraction of the cost found in Beijing or Shanghai.

When choosing where to stay, location is key to maximizing your time. The most popular area for tourists is the Wenfeng District, particularly around the city center and commercial hubs like Wanda Plaza. Staying here places you within walking distance of shopping malls, diverse dining options, and vibrant nightlife spots like Cangxiang Street. It is a convenient base that balances easy access to amenities with good transport links to the major historical sites.

Another strategic location is near the Anyang Railway Station. This area is ideal for travelers on a tight schedule or those using the train to explore the wider Henan region. Hotels here are abundant and cater largely to transit passengers, offering practical amenities and 24-hour services. While the immediate surroundings are busier and perhaps less scenic than the city center, the convenience of being minutes away from your train connection is a significant advantage.

For international travelers, an essential booking tip is to verify that your chosen accommodation is licensed to accept foreign guests. In China, not all hotels possess the necessary clearance to host non-mainland ID holders, particularly in smaller cities or budget establishments. It is highly recommended to book through major international platforms or large Chinese travel apps where you can filter specifically for "foreigner-friendly" properties to avoid any issues upon arrival.

In terms of pricing and booking, Anyang offers excellent value. Budget travelers can find clean, basic rooms for as little as $15 to $25 USD per night. Mid-range business hotels, which are often very modern and comfortable, typically range from $30 to $60 USD. Even the city's top-tier hotels rarely exceed $80 to $100 USD per night. It is advisable to book your room in advance, especially if you are visiting during Chinese public holidays like the National Day Golden Week (October) or the Spring Festival, when demand spikes significantly.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Anyang serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations:

One of the most compelling destinations for nature enthusiasts is Jiaozuo. Located to the southwest, it is best known as the gateway to the spectacular Yuntai Mountain Global Geopark. This area offers breathtaking scenery with its unique red rock gorges, towering cliffs, and cascading waterfalls. It provides a refreshing escape into nature and is a perfect spot for hiking and photography, contrasting beautifully with the historical focus of Anyang.

For a quick and culturally rich excursion, Puyang is the closest option, situated just a short drive away. Often referred to as the "Hometown of the Chinese Dragon," it is famous for the discovery of an ancient clam-shell dragon mosaic dating back thousands of years. The city offers a relaxed atmosphere where visitors can delve into the mythological roots of Chinese culture and explore local museums dedicated to this ancient heritage.

To the north lies Xingtai, a city with a history spanning over 3,500 years. As one of the oldest cities in northern China, it features a mix of historical sites and natural attractions, such as the Kong Mountain Baiyun Cavern. It is an ideal destination for travelers interested in seeing another facet of the region's deep historical timeline while enjoying scenic parks and temples.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region, allowing travelers to expand their itinerary beyond the ancient capital.

Shopping in Anyang offers a delightful mix of modern convenience and deep cultural heritage. While the city may not be a global fashion capital like Shanghai or Beijing, it provides a robust commercial scene where travelers can find everything from international brands to unique local handicrafts. The retail landscape mirrors the city's character, blending large contemporary shopping complexes with bustling streets that have served as centers of trade for generations. For visitors, this is an excellent opportunity to purchase goods that reflect the rich history of China and the specific legacy of the Shang Dynasty.

The city's commercial heart beats strongest along Wenfeng Avenue (Wenfeng Zhong Road). This is the primary thoroughfare for retail therapy, lined with a variety of department stores, clothing boutiques, and electronics shops. It is a lively area where locals come to shop and socialize, offering a genuine glimpse into modern urban life in Anyang. For a more atmospheric experience, Cangxiang Street is a must-visit. This historically restored area features traditional architecture and is populated with smaller shops selling snacks, tea, and cultural products, making it perfect for a leisurely stroll while browsing for gifts.

For a comprehensive one-stop shopping experience, the Anyang Wanda Plaza in the Wenfeng District is the most prominent destination. As is common in many Chinese cities, this massive complex anchors the local retail scene, housing a wide array of international fashion brands, sportswear chains, and lifestyle stores. It also features a cinema and numerous restaurants on the upper floors, providing a comfortable, climate-controlled environment that is particularly welcoming during the hot summer months or chilly winters.

Local markets play a significant role in the daily lives of residents. While there isn't a single famous "tourist market," the streets surrounding residential areas often transform into vibrant hubs of activity, especially in the evenings. Here, you can find fresh local fruits, inexpensive clothing, and household goods. Exploring these smaller markets offers a chance to interact with friendly locals and perhaps pick up some fresh snacks, although bargaining is less common here than in major tourist markets in bigger cities.

When it comes to souvenirs, Anyang offers items that you simply cannot find elsewhere. Given the city's status as the home of the earliest Chinese writing, replicas of Oracle Bones (tortoise shells or ox bones with inscriptions) are the quintessential keepsake. Similarly, high-quality reproductions of Shang Dynasty bronze ware, such as the famous Simuwu Ding, make for impressive, albeit heavy, gifts. For food lovers, vacuum-packed Daokou Roast Chicken is a famous local specialty that travels well. Additionally, calligraphy sets and inkstones are popular purchases, reflecting the city's association with the National Museum of Chinese Writing.

Store opening hours in Anyang are generally tourist-friendly. Large shopping malls and department stores typically operate from 10:00 AM to 9:30 PM or 10:00 PM daily. Street shops and smaller boutiques may open earlier, around 9:00 AM, and close slightly earlier in the evening. Regarding payment, cash is becoming increasingly rare. The vast majority of transactions, from high-end malls to street vendors, are conducted via mobile payment apps like Alipay and WeChat Pay. It is highly recommended to have one of these apps set up on your phone. International credit cards are rarely accepted outside of major hotels and perhaps the largest shopping centers.

Tax-free shopping is generally not a standard feature in Anyang for international tourists. Unlike the major metropolises or designated free-trade zones, most stores here do not offer immediate VAT refunds or tax-free forms for visitors. Travelers should expect to pay the listed price inclusive of all taxes and plan their budget accordingly.