Havana

Welcome to Havana, the soulful and vibrant capital of Cuba. Famous for its captivating blend of old-world charm and Caribbean energy, this city often feels like a living museum where the past and present dance together to the rhythm of salsa. With a population of over 2.1 million people, it stands as the largest city in the Caribbean region, serving as the country's main port and leading commercial center.

Located on the northern coast of the island, Havana enjoys a warm tropical climate that makes it a year-round destination. The city is renowned for its stunning architecture, ranging from 16th-century fortresses to Art Deco masterpieces. Exploring the history of Havana reveals a fascinating narrative of colonial grandeur and maritime importance. Visitors are inevitably drawn to Old Havana (Habana Vieja), a UNESCO World Heritage site filled with cobbled plazas and baroque cathedrals, as well as the iconic Malecón, a sweeping waterfront esplanade perfect for sunset strolls.

Whether you are admiring the colorful vintage cars rolling down the streets or enjoying the local music scene, the city offers an unforgettable experience. Havana invites travelers to get lost in its winding streets, taste its world-famous cuisine, and immerse themselves in a culture that is as welcoming as it is unique.

Havana enjoys a warm, tropical climate year-round, making it an inviting destination regardless of the season. Temperatures remain consistently pleasant, with daily averages ranging from a mild 23.2°C in January to a peak of around 28.8°C in August. The summer months can be quite warm, with maximum temperatures frequently reaching 31.2°C, while winter nights rarely drop below 20.8°C.

Precipitation patterns define the city's seasons, dividing the year into a dry period and a wetter season. You can expect frequent rainfall from May through October, with September seeing up to 20 wet days, though the rain often comes in short, refreshing bursts. Conversely, the winter and early spring months are much drier; February, for instance, typically experiences only 5 wet days. For those planning a trip, checking the detailed weather in Havana can help ensure you pack the right attire for the sun and the occasional shower.

Beyond the main attractions, Havana holds many fascinating secrets and quirky traditions that surprise even the most seasoned travelers. Here are a few unique details that give the city its distinct character.

• The statue of the famous musician in John Lennon Park has a peculiar guardian. Because the bronze glasses were repeatedly stolen in the past, a dedicated attendant now keeps a real pair safe and places them on the statue's face only when visitors approach for a photo.

• Time is marked by a thunderous boom every night at 9:00 PM. This tradition, known as El Cañonazo de las Nueve, takes place at the Fort of San Carlos de la Cabaña. Historically, this cannon shot signaled the closing of the city walls to protect against pirates, and today, actors in 18th-century military uniforms reenact the ceremony.

• The magnificent El Capitolio bears a striking resemblance to the U.S. Capitol, but it is technically richer in detail and slightly taller. Inside, it houses the Statue of the Republic, which is one of the largest indoor statues in the world and is covered in gold leaf.

• The birthplace of the Mojito is widely considered to be La Bodeguita del Medio. This tiny bar in Old Havana became famous partly due to Ernest Hemingway, who left a handwritten inscription on the wall praising the refreshing mint and rum cocktail.

Reaching the vibrant capital of Cuba is the first exciting step of your journey. While the island is an archipelago, air travel remains the most common and convenient method for international visitors. For those planning their logistics, you can read more about how to get to Havana in our detailed guide, which covers various transport options.

The primary gateway for most travelers is Jose Marti International Airport (HAV). It is important to note that the airport is not located within the city center itself but in the nearby town of Bejucal, approximately 16.8 km away. This is the country's main hub, handling a large volume of international and domestic flights. From here, a journey to the heart of Havana by taxi or bus typically takes around 45 minutes.

Another option for travelers, particularly those combining a beach holiday with a city break, is to fly into Juan Gualberto Gomez Airport (VRA). Situated in the resort city of Varadero, this airport is about 95.2 km from Havana. While further away, it is a significant entry point with medium passenger traffic. The transfer time from Varadero to Havana is longer, usually taking about 2 hours and 45 minutes by road.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports nearby:

Havana is a city that rewards exploration, offering a dense collection of historical landmarks, architectural wonders, and lively public spaces. While simply walking the streets is an experience in itself, there are several specific sites that stand out as essential stops for any visitor wanting to understand the city's grandeur and history.

One of the most recognizable landmarks is Revolution Square (Plaza de la Revolución). This vast open space is one of the largest city squares in the world and serves as the administrative center of the country. It is dominated by the towering José Martí Memorial, which offers panoramic views of the city from its top. Tourists are often drawn here to see the iconic steel outlines of Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos on the facades of the surrounding government buildings, making it a pivotal spot for capturing historic photos.

Guarding the entrance to Havana Bay stands the majestic Morro Castle, formally known as Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro. Built between the 16th and 17th centuries to protect the city from pirates and invaders, this fortress is a masterpiece of military architecture. Visitors can explore its ramparts, visit the lighthouse which is still in operation, and enjoy some of the best views of the city skyline and the ocean. It is particularly atmospheric at sunset.

For a taste of the city's colonial charm, Cathedral Square (Plaza de la Catedral) is an absolute must. This intimate and beautifully preserved square is framed by grand baroque mansions and the stunning Havana Cathedral with its asymmetrical towers. It is a bustling hub of activity where you can find local fortune tellers, musicians, and outdoor cafes, offering a perfect setting to soak in the ambiance of Old Havana.

Another gem in the historic center is Plaza Vieja. Unlike other squares that were originally designed for military or religious purposes, this plaza was historically a marketplace and a space for fiestas. Today, it has been magnificently restored and is surrounded by colorful buildings featuring stained-glass windows and elegant arches. It is a vibrant place to relax, enjoy a microbrewery beer, or simply admire the eclectic mix of Art Nouveau and colonial architecture.

Havana’s culinary landscape is a delicious journey through its cultural heritage, blending Spanish, African, and Caribbean influences into what is known as Comida Criolla. The food here is hearty, flavorful, and comforting, often revolving around slow-cooked meats and fresh tropical produce. In recent years, the city’s food scene has been revitalized by the emergence of paladares—privately owned restaurants that offer some of the most innovative and authentic dining experiences in the capital, providing a stark contrast to the state-run establishments.

When it comes to signature dishes, you simply cannot leave without trying Ropa Vieja. Often considered the national dish of Cuba, it consists of shredded beef slow-cooked in a rich tomato-based sauce with onions, bell peppers, and spices. It is typically served with a side of Moros y Cristianos, a savory mix of black beans and white rice that is a staple at almost every meal. Another local favorite to snack on is Tostones, which are slices of plantain that have been fried, smashed flat, and fried again until golden and crispy.

For a memorable meal, visitors might head to Los Mercaderes, a restaurant located in a beautifully restored colonial building that exemplifies the charm of dining in Old Havana. If you are looking for a more casual atmosphere to enjoy tapas and coffee, Cafe El Dandy is a popular spot among both locals and tourists, known for its retro vibe and artistic crowd. These spots highlight the shift towards high-quality service and atmosphere that defines the modern Havana dining scene.

No guide to Havana’s gastronomy would be complete without mentioning its legendary drinking culture. Rum is the spirit of the island, forming the base of world-famous cocktails like the refreshing Mojito and the frozen Daiquiri. To understand the deep connection between the island and this spirit, a visit to the Rum Museum is highly recommended. For non-alcoholic options, the local coffee is potent and sweet; a Café Cubano is a strong espresso shot sweetened with demerara sugar, fueling the city's energetic rhythm throughout the day.

Visiting Havana is an adventure like no other, but the city's unique logistical landscape requires a bit of extra preparation to ensure a smooth journey. To help you navigate the capital with confidence and ease, here are some practical tips designed for the modern traveler.

1. Clothing and Gear: The tropical climate calls for light, breathable fabrics like linen or cotton to handle the heat and humidity. Since you will likely spend hours exploring Old Havana on foot, sturdy and comfortable walking shoes are essential for navigating the uneven cobblestone streets. Don't forget to pack a universal travel adapter (Types A and B) and high-SPF sunscreen. If you plan to visit churches or religious sites, remember to dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees.
2. Transportation: Getting around Havana is an experience in itself. For comfort and reliability, official yellow taxis are the best option for tourists. For a more local experience, you can try the almendrones (shared vintage taxis) that run along fixed routes, though some Spanish knowledge helps. Bici-taxis (bicycle taxis) are great for short distances within the old city. Public buses, known as guaguas, are extremely crowded and not recommended for travelers with luggage. Car rental is generally expensive and often unnecessary given the city's walkability and taxi availability.
3. Finances: Cash is king in Havana. It is highly recommended to bring enough cash (Euros, Canadian Dollars, or GBP) for your entire trip, as U.S. credit and debit cards rarely work due to restrictions, and ATMs can be unreliable for international cards. Exchange your money at official exchange houses (CADECA) or hotels. Tipping is a significant part of the local culture; leaving a small tip (10%) for waitstaff, taxi drivers, and musicians is customary and greatly appreciated.
4. Health and Safety: Havana is generally very safe for tourists, but standard precautions against pickpocketing should be taken in crowded areas. A critical rule is to drink only bottled water to avoid stomach issues; avoid tap water and ice cubes in street drinks. Since local pharmacies may experience shortages, bring a well-stocked personal medical kit with painkillers, band-aids, and any prescription medications you need.
5. Communication: While staff in hotels and major tourist spots often speak English, it is less common among the general population. Learning a few basic phrases in Spanish will go a long way. Internet access is not as freely available as in other countries; you will typically need to buy an ETECSA scratch card to use Wi-Fi in designated public parks or hotel lobbies. It is smart to download offline maps (like Maps.me) and translation apps before you arrive.
6. Local Etiquette: Cubans are incredibly warm and social. Greetings are often physical, with a handshake for men and a kiss on the cheek for women or mixed company being the norm once a rapport is established. It is polite to ask for permission before taking close-up photos of locals. Music is everywhere, and engaging with it—whether by clapping along or dancing—is a great way to connect with the local spirit.
7. What to Avoid: Be wary of buying cigars from street vendors who claim to have a "brother at the factory" or offer "cooperative" prices; these are almost always fakes of poor quality. Stick to official La Casa del Habano stores for authentic products. Also, avoid taking photographs of police officers, military personnel, or sensitive government buildings, as this is strictly prohibited.
8. Essential Extra: Carry a small pack of tissues and hand sanitizer with you at all times. Public restrooms, even in some restaurants and museums, may not always be stocked with toilet paper or soap. Being prepared with your own supplies will save you from potential inconvenience during your daily explorations.

By keeping these practicalities in mind, you can focus less on logistics and more on the magic of the city. Havana rewards those who come prepared with an open heart, ready to embrace its rhythm, history, and the undeniable warmth of its people.

When the sun sets over the Malecón, Havana transforms into a pulsating hub of music, dance, and energy. The city's nightlife is legendary, driven not by expensive light shows but by the infectious rhythm of salsa, son, and jazz that seems to spill from every doorway. For travelers, the evening entertainment here is an essential part of the cultural experience, offering a chance to mingle with locals and witness the island's vibrant spirit firsthand.

The nightlife scene is largely divided between the historic charm of Old Havana and the more modern, upscale vibe of Vedado and Miramar. In Old Havana, the narrow streets are lined with intimate bars and restaurants where live trios play classic Cuban songs. However, for a more contemporary experience, the Vedado district is the place to be. Here, you will find Fábrica de Arte Cubano (FAC), widely considered one of the most innovative venues in the Caribbean. Housed in a former cooking oil factory, this multi-faceted space combines an art gallery, concert hall, and nightclub, drawing a hip, mixed crowd of locals and tourists.

For those eager to hit the dance floor, the city offers world-class salsa venues. Casa de la Música Miramar is a premier spot known for hosting top-tier Cuban bands. The energy here is intense, and the dancing is high-level, though beginners are always welcome to watch and learn. If you are looking for a more nostalgic atmosphere reminiscent of the Buena Vista Social Club era, Legendarios del Guajirito offers spectacular live shows featuring traditional performers, making it a perfect choice for a memorable night out.

Practical Advice: Nightlife in Havana starts late. While bars may fill up around 9:00 PM, nightclubs and dance venues often don't get going until after 11:00 PM and stay open until the early hours. Dress codes are generally smart-casual; while you don't need a suit, avoid beachwear like flip-flops or tank tops if you plan to visit clubs in Vedado or Miramar. Cover charges (consumo mínimo) are common at music venues and usually range from $10 to $20 USD equivalent.

Safety and Transport: Havana is safe for night walks in popular areas, but it is wise to stick to well-lit main streets like La Rampa (Calle 23) or the Malecón. Avoid wandering into dark alleys in Centro Habana late at night. When moving between districts, always use official yellow taxis. You can hail them on the street or ask your venue to call one for you. Negotiating the fare before you get in is standard practice if the meter is not used.

While the nights are for dancing, the city also offers rich cultural entertainment during the day. Art lovers and history buffs will find plenty to explore, including the majestic Great Theatre of Havana. Home to the National Ballet of Cuba, this architectural gem offers guided tours and hosts world-class performances that provide a sophisticated contrast to the high-energy nightlife.

Beyond its bustling streets and classic cars, Havana offers a variety of green spaces and cultural institutions that provide a deeper look into its soul. The city's parks serve as communal living rooms where locals gather, while its museums house treasures ranging from colonial artifacts to avant-garde art, making them essential stops for any culturally curious traveler.

One of the most vital social hubs in the city is Parque Central. Located on the border between Old Havana and Centro Habana, this landscaped square is surrounded by some of the city's most beautiful buildings, including the Hotel Inglaterra and the Great Theatre. It is a perfect spot to sit on a bench under the shade of royal palms, watch the gleaming vintage convertibles line up, and observe the lively discussions of local baseball aficionados who gather here daily to debate the sport.

For a more tranquil experience, travelers should head to the Vedado district to visit John Lennon Park. Unlike the busy squares of the old city, this park offers a peaceful retreat with lush greenery and a relaxed atmosphere. It is famous for its life-sized bronze statue of the British musician sitting casually on a bench, a tribute that has become a beloved photo spot for visitors and music fans alike.

Havana's museums are equally compelling, offering rich insights into the nation's complex past. The Museum of the Revolution, housed in the former Presidential Palace, is an architectural marvel in itself. Designed with opulent interiors, including decorations by Tiffany’s of New York, the building displays a vast collection of historical artifacts. Behind the museum, visitors can view the famous Granma yacht, preserved in a glass enclosure, which played a pivotal role in the country's history.

Art enthusiasts should not miss the National Museum of Fine Arts (Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes). The institution is split between two buildings: the Palace of Fine Arts, which is dedicated exclusively to Cuban art from the colonial era to the present day, and the Palace of the Asturian Center, which houses international collections. It is widely considered one of the finest art museums in the Caribbean, showcasing the evolution of the island's visual culture.

History comes alive at the Castillo de la Punta, a fortress located at the entrance of the bay. Together with the Morro Castle on the opposite bank, it once formed a critical defense system for the city against pirates and invaders. Today, visitors can walk along its ramparts and enjoy sweeping views of the sea and the Malecón, offering a quiet moment to appreciate the city's maritime heritage.

For a more interactive cultural experience, a visit to the San José Artisans' Market is highly recommended. Located in a renovated warehouse along the port, this is the largest craft market in Havana. It is the ideal place to browse for authentic souvenirs, from leather goods and humidors to vibrant paintings by local artists, all while enjoying the breeze from the harbor.

Navigating the vibrant streets of Havana is an adventure in itself, offering a transport landscape that is quite distinct from most other capital cities. Travelers should be aware that there is no metro or tram system currently operating in the city. Instead, the public transportation network relies heavily on a mix of buses, ferries, and a unique array of taxi services that range from modern sedans to the city's famous vintage cars.

The backbone of local transit is the public bus system, with vehicles affectionately known as guaguas. These buses cover the entire city and are incredibly inexpensive, costing only a nominal amount in local currency (CUP). However, they are often notoriously crowded and lack air conditioning, which can make them a challenging option for visitors not used to the heat or the local routes. A slightly more comfortable alternative is the Rutero, a network of minibuses or modern buses that run on fixed routes for a higher, yet still affordable, fare. These are generally less crowded and offer a seat, making them a viable option for adventurous tourists.

For most travelers, taxis are the most practical and efficient way to get around. There are two main types to distinguish. Official yellow taxis are state-run, modern, and equipped with air conditioning and meters (though it is often better to agree on a price beforehand). They are the most reliable option for airport transfers or moving between districts with luggage. On the other hand, the almendrones—the classic American cars from the 1950s—operate as shared taxis (colectivos) along fixed routes. They are a quintessential Havana experience, picking up and dropping off passengers along major avenues for a set price paid in cash.

For shorter distances, especially within Old Havana or along the waterfront, you will find Coco-taxis and bici-taxis. Coco-taxis are bright yellow, egg-shaped scooters that are fun and breezy, perfect for a scenic ride along the Malecón. Bici-taxis (bicycle rickshaws) are ideal for navigating the narrow, pedestrian-heavy streets of the historic center where cars cannot easily pass. Both of these operate on negotiated fares, so be sure to agree on the price with the driver before hopping in.

A special highlight of the transport system is the Lancha de Regla, a public ferry service that connects Old Havana with the communities of Regla and Casablanca across the bay. This short ferry ride is not only a practical commute for locals but also offers tourists stunning views of the city skyline from the water for a very low cost. It is the perfect way to reach the Christ of Havana statue or the historic San Carlos de la Cabaña fortress.

When it comes to payment, cash is king. There are no electronic travel cards, tap-to-pay systems, or transport apps for public buses. You will need small denominations of Cuban Pesos (CUP) for buses and shared taxis. While official yellow taxis may accept foreign currency (like Euros or USD), it is always best to have local cash on hand. Ride-hailing apps are in their infancy; a local app called La Nave functions similarly to Uber and is gaining popularity, but it requires mobile data and a local phone number to register, which might be a hurdle for some short-term visitors.

Practical advice for tourists includes avoiding public buses during peak rush hours (8:00 AM – 9:00 AM and 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM) when they are at capacity. If you choose to take an almendrón, you may need to hail it by standing on the curb and signaling the driver; simply shout your destination (e.g., "Vedado" or "Habana Vieja") as they slow down. If they are going your way and have space, they will stop. Always carry small change, as drivers often do not have large amounts of cash to break big bills.

Finding the perfect place to stay in Havana is an opportunity to choose between colonial grandeur and authentic local hospitality. The accommodation landscape in the city is primarily divided into two distinct categories: state-run hotels, which range from historic properties to modern resorts, and private homestays known as casas particulares.

For visitors who want to be in the heart of the action, Old Havana (Habana Vieja) is the most popular choice. Staying here places you within walking distance of major historical sites and vibrant public spaces like the elegant Plaza de San Francisco de Asís. This area is home to many restored boutique hotels housed in centuries-old mansions, offering a romantic atmosphere with high ceilings and internal courtyards.

If you prefer a more modern and spacious environment, the district of Vedado is an excellent alternative. Known for its wide avenues and Art Deco architecture, this area hosts many of the city's larger, high-rise hotels that date back to the 1950s. It is also the center of Havana's nightlife, making it convenient for those who want to be close to clubs and jazz lounges. For a quiet, upscale experience, the Miramar district offers luxurious resorts and business hotels, though it is located further from the historic center.

A unique feature of Cuban travel is the casa particular. These private accommodations range from a single room in a family home to entire rented apartments. They are widely considered the best value for money, often costing significantly less than hotels while providing a genuine connection with local hosts who can offer homemade breakfasts and insider tips.

Booking and Prices:

• Budget: Casas particulares typically range from $25 to $50 USD per night.
• Mid-Range: Boutique hotels and standard city hotels usually cost between $80 and $150 USD.
• Luxury: High-end historic properties and 5-star resorts can exceed $250 USD per night.

Travel Tip: Due to high demand and limited internet connectivity on the island, it is strongly recommended to book your accommodation weeks or even months in advance, especially if you plan to visit during the peak winter season. Online booking platforms work well, but ensure your payment is processed before arrival to avoid complications with credit cards on the island.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Havana serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations:

One of the most culturally rich towns in the vicinity is Guanabacoa. Located just a short drive from the city center, it is widely recognized as a historic hub of Afro-Cuban culture and the Santería religion. The town features a well-preserved colonial center and a local museum that offers deep insights into the spiritual traditions and history of the area, making it a fascinating stop for those interested in the island's heritage.

For travelers seeking green spaces and outdoor activities, Arroyo Naranjo is a popular destination on the southern outskirts of the capital. This municipality is home to the vast Parque Lenin, a sprawling recreational area with amusement rides and picnic spots, as well as the National Botanical Garden. It provides a peaceful retreat where visitors can admire an impressive collection of tropical flora away from the urban noise.

Heading further west, the city of Artemisa offers a look into the agricultural heart of the region. Known for its fertile red soil, it serves as a gateway to the western provinces and the Sierra del Rosario biosphere reserve. A trip here reveals the more rural and authentic side of Cuban life, surrounded by sugarcane fields and lush landscapes.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region.

Shopping in Havana is a unique experience that differs significantly from the commercialized retail therapy found in many other capital cities. Instead of sprawling malls filled with international fashion chains, you will find a mix of state-run department stores, small private boutiques, and vibrant artisan markets. The shopping scene here is less about luxury brands and more about discovering local craftsmanship, art, and iconic Cuban products that reflect the island's rich culture.

For a lively street shopping experience, head to Calle Obispo in Old Havana. This bustling pedestrian boulevard is lined with bookstores, souvenir shops, and clothing stores, all set within historic colonial buildings. It is the perfect place to soak up the atmosphere while browsing for gifts. Another key area is the San Rafael Boulevard in Centro Habana, which offers a more local vibe with shops selling everyday goods, shoes, and textiles, bustling with the energy of daily life in the city.

While Havana is not known for mega-malls, there are a few shopping centers worth visiting. Plaza Carlos III in Centro Habana is one of the largest, functioning as a multi-story complex where locals shop for everything from electronics to groceries. For a slightly more upscale experience, Galerías de Paseo in the Vedado district, located near the Melia Cohiba hotel, offers a selection of boutiques selling perfumes, clothing, and accessories in a quieter, air-conditioned environment.

The undisputed highlight for visitors looking for authentic souvenirs is the San José Artisans' Market (Almacenes San José). Located in a massive restored warehouse along the harbor, this is the largest craft market in the city. Here, you can wander through endless stalls selling handmade leather goods, humidors, paintings by local artists, ceramic wares, and traditional guayabera shirts. It is a one-stop shop for high-quality handicrafts where you can often chat directly with the artisans.

When it comes to souvenirs, Cuba’s "big three"—cigars, rum, and coffee—top the list. For cigars, it is crucial to buy only from official state-run stores known as La Casa del Habano to ensure authenticity; buying from the street almost guarantees fakes. Bottles of Havana Club or Santiago de Cuba rum are excellent value, and local coffee brands like Cubita or Serrano make for aromatic gifts. Additionally, Cuban music CDs and handmade musical instruments like maracas or claves are wonderful keepsakes to bring the island's rhythm home.

Most shops in Havana open around 9:00 AM or 10:00 AM and close by 5:00 PM or 6:00 PM, though some in tourist areas may stay open later. Sundays often have reduced hours. Payment can be tricky; while some state-run stores and hotel shops accept international credit cards (excluding those issued by U.S. banks), cash is essential for private businesses, street vendors, and markets. It is highly recommended to carry small denominations of cash to pay for souvenirs and handicrafts smoothly. Note that formal tax-free shopping refund schemes for tourists are generally not available in Cuba.