How to get to Najaf

When planning a trip to Najaf, you are embarking on a journey to one of Iraq's holiest cities, located in the south of the country bordering the desert. It is a significant religious and cultural hub that attracts millions of pilgrims and travellers annually, eager to connect with ancient history and Islamic traditions. You can reach Najaf in various ways: by taking a direct flight to the international airport or arriving by car from neighbouring major cities.

The most convenient way to begin your journey is to fly into Al Najaf International Airport (NJF). This air gateway is located in immediate proximity to the city and serves a huge flow of passengers annually, connecting the region with many countries across the Middle East.

If a direct flight is not available, you can consider flights to neighbouring cities. The nearest major hub is the airport in the city of Baghdad (BGW), located approximately 142 km away. It is also possible to fly via the city of Nasiriyah or Iranian Ilam, from where you will need to continue your journey by land.

Currently, there is no direct railway connection to the city itself, as Najaf does not have its own train station. Travellers preferring trains should take this into account when planning their route.

The nearest major railway hubs are located in the capital, the city of Baghdad, as well as in the city of Nasiriyah. After reaching one of these stations by train, the remaining part of the journey to the shrines of Najaf will need to be covered by taxi or bus.

Bus travel is a popular and budget-friendly way to move around the region. Regular trips and private minivans connect the holy city with Baghdad and other provinces, allowing tourists and pilgrims to reach their destination relatively inexpensively.

Although exact schedules may vary, transport usually departs as it fills up from the main bus terminals of neighbouring cities. This is a good option for those who want to see the landscapes of Iraq from the window and immerse themselves in the local atmosphere.

Travelling by car or taxi offers the greatest flexibility on the road. The most in-demand route runs from the capital, Baghdad: the distance is about 175 km, which usually takes around 2.2 hours given average traffic conditions.

You can also arrive from the city of Nasiriyah, covering 258 km in approximately 3.3 hours. For travellers heading from the border direction, for example from the city of Ilam, the journey will be longer — about 393 km, requiring more than 5 hours of driving.

Najaf is a distinguished city with deep religious traditions, so preparing for the trip requires attention to detail and respect for local customs.

1. Clothing and Dress Code. As this is a holy city, modesty in attire is mandatory. Women require a headscarf and loose-fitting clothing covering the body (an abaya is often required), while men should avoid shorts and sleeveless shirts. In summer, choose natural breathable fabrics due to the heat.
2. Transport within the city. The most convenient way to get around is by taxi or walking in the city centre. Note that private vehicle access may be restricted in certain zones around the shrines.
3. Finances. The official currency is the Iraqi Dinar. Cards are not accepted everywhere, mostly in major hotels, so always carry a sufficient supply of cash. US Dollars can be exchanged at official exchange points.
4. Health and Climate. In summer, temperatures can be extremely high. Be sure to drink only bottled water, wear a head covering, and use sunscreen.
5. Communication. The main language is Arabic. English may be understood in hotels and at the airport, but communicating on the streets will be more difficult. Learn a few basic greeting phrases.
6. Local Etiquette. Upon entering shrines and mosques, you must remove your shoes. Behave modestly and avoid loud conversations in religious sites.
7. Photography. Be cautious with your camera. Photographing military objects, checkpoints, and government buildings is strictly prohibited. Always ask for permission before photographing local residents.
8. Visiting Time. Consider the calendar of religious occasions (such as Ashura or Arbaeen), when millions of pilgrims arrive in the city, making accommodation very difficult to find.

Observing these simple rules will help you avoid awkward situations and make your stay in this historic place comfortable and safe.