How to get to Erbil

Erbil is the ancient heart of the region and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, attracting travellers with its rich history and hospitality. When planning a trip to Erbil, you can witness the majestic Citadel and experience the unique charm of the Middle East. You can reach this dynamically developing metropolis in various ways: from a direct flight to an exciting road trip from neighbouring cities.

The fastest and most convenient way to reach the city is by air. Erbil International Airport (EBL) serves as the region's main aerial gateway, receiving flights from many countries and ensuring a comfortable arrival for tourists. The airport is modern and offers excellent transport connections to the city centre.

If direct tickets are unavailable, consider flying to neighbouring cities with a subsequent transfer. The nearest alternatives include airports in Kirkuk (approximately 87 km away) and Sulaymaniyah (147 km), from where you can continue your journey by land.

Currently, there is no direct railway connection to the city of Erbil, so arriving here by train is not an option. The railway infrastructure in this region is primarily focused on cargo transport or is not operational for passenger tourism routes.

Travellers wishing to visit Iraq and its northern region are advised to choose air travel or road transport. Even from major nearby cities such as Kirkuk or Sulaymaniyah, travelling by road remains the most reliable option.

Bus services exist in the region, although centralised schedules and the online booking platforms familiar to many travellers may be unavailable. Typically, intercity buses and spacious minivans depart from main bus stations once the vehicle is full.

For a trip to Erbil from neighbouring provinces, it is best to enquire about details locally in advance. This is a budget-friendly and atmospheric way to travel, allowing you to see the country from the window, though it requires time and patience.

Travelling by car is an excellent way to reach the city while enjoying views of the local mountains and plains. The shortest route leads from the city of Kirkuk: the distance is about 94 km, which usually takes no more than 1.5 hours of driving on the highway.

If you are driving from Sulaymaniyah, the journey will take about 3 hours (a distance of around 198 km). For those heading from the Turkish border, for example, from the city of Yüksekova, the trip will be longer — about 282 km and approximately 5.5 hours on the road, considering the nature of the mountain roads.

Erbil is a hospitable and relatively modern city, but knowing local customs will make your stay much more comfortable. Here are some practical tips for preparing for your trip:

1. Clothing and Dress Code: Summers are very hot here, so choose light, natural fabrics. Winters can be cool and rainy — a jacket will be necessary. The clothing style here is more liberal than in other parts of the country, but modesty (covering shoulders and knees) is still appreciated.
2. Transport: Public transport is not well developed. The most convenient way to get around is by taxi. It is recommended to agree on the price in advance or ask the driver to use the meter.
3. Finances: The national currency is the Iraqi Dinar, but US Dollars are accepted almost everywhere. Cards work in major hotels and malls, but always carry cash for markets and taxis.
4. Safety: Erbil is considered one of the safest cities in the region. However, always carry your passport (or a copy) to pass through checks at checkpoints when travelling outside the city.
5. Communication: The main language is Kurdish, and Arabic is also widely spoken. In tourist spots and hotels, staff often speak English, but learning a few phrases in the local language ("hello", "thank you") will be seen as a sign of respect.
6. Local Etiquette: Hospitality is part of the culture here. If you are invited for tea, it is not customary to refuse. Be sure to remove your shoes when entering a mosque or a private home.
7. What to Avoid: Do not take photos of military facilities, government buildings, and checkpoints — this is strictly prohibited. Also, avoid discussing sensitive political topics with strangers.
8. Best Time to Visit: Spring (March-April) and autumn (October-November) are the ideal times to visit, when the weather is most comfortable for walking around the Citadel and parks.

By observing these simple rules, you will be able to fully enjoy the atmosphere of the ancient city, its bazaars, and the warmth of the local people.