Xiamen

Xiamen, often celebrated as the "Garden on the Sea," is a vibrant coastal city located in the Fujian province of China. Known for its clean air, laid-back atmosphere, and beautiful seaside promenades, it stands out as one of the most livable and picturesque destinations in the country. With a population of over 3.7 million, the city successfully balances modern urban development with lush green spaces and distinct island charm.

The city possesses a rich cultural tapestry woven from centuries of maritime trade. Visitors interested in the history of Xiamen will find a fascinating blend of Eastern and Western influences, particularly evident in the colonial architecture preserved from its days as a historic treaty port. Its subtropical climate ensures mild winters and warm summers, making it a pleasant destination for travelers almost any time of the year.

A trip to Xiamen would not be complete without visiting Gulangyu Island, a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site famous for its vehicle-free streets, colonial villas, and piano museum. Back on the main island, the Nanputuo Temple offers a serene spiritual retreat at the foot of the Wulao Peaks, while the bustling Zhongshan Road invites explorers to sample local street food and admire the unique Qilou architecture.

Whether you are strolling along the scenic Island Ring Road or enjoying the fresh seafood for which the region is renowned, Xiamen offers a refreshing escape. It is a perfect stop for tourists seeking a harmonious mix of relaxation, culture, and coastal beauty.

Xiamen enjoys a pleasant subtropical climate, making it a welcoming destination throughout most of the year. Before packing your bags, it is useful to review the weather in Xiamen to understand the seasonal shifts. Generally, visitors can expect hot, humid summers with frequent rainfall and mild, comfortable winters with clear skies.

The winter months, from December to February, are quite gentle, with average temperatures hovering between 14.4°C and 15.9°C. This is the driest time of the year, with December seeing as few as 4 wet days. In contrast, the summer season from June to August brings heat and moisture; average temperatures rise to approximately 29°C in July, with daily highs reaching nearly 32°C. June is typically the wettest month in terms of frequency, recording up to 22 wet days. Spring and autumn offer a moderate transition, though travelers in May should be prepared for about 18 wet days, while October and November become significantly drier and cooler.

• The Piano Capital: The nearby islet of Gulangyu is often called "Piano Island" because it has the highest per capita ownership of pianos in China. This musical heritage is so profound that the island has produced many distinguished musicians and houses a dedicated piano museum.

• Historic Firepower: The Hulishan Fortress is home to a massive 19th-century German Krupp cannon. It is recognized by the Guinness World Records as the oldest and largest coastal defense gun of its kind still in existence on its original site.

• Cycling in the Sky: Xiamen boasts the world's longest elevated bicycle path. This unique "skyway" stretches for nearly 8 kilometers, allowing cyclists to ride above the traffic while enjoying a bird's-eye view of the city's urban landscape.

• Egret Island: The city is historically nicknamed "Egret Island" due to the large number of white egrets that once inhabited the area. Today, the egret remains the official city bird and a symbol of Xiamen's natural beauty.

• Culinary Heritage: The South Putuo Temple is famous not only for its spiritual significance but also for its distinctive vegetarian cuisine. The temple's dishes are known for their poetic names and have a culinary history spanning over a century.

Reaching this coastal destination is convenient, with several transport hubs serving the region. For a comprehensive overview of travel options, you can read more about how to get to Xiamen. The most direct and popular entry point is Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport (IATA: XMN). Located within Xiamen itself, it is only about 8.1 km from the city center. As a major international facility, it handles a large volume of passengers. A taxi ride from this airport to the downtown area typically takes around 32 minutes, making it an extremely accessible option for travelers.

Another alternative is Quanzhou Jinjiang International Airport (IATA: JJN), situated in the neighboring city of Quanzhou. It is approximately 61.8 km away from Xiamen. While it requires a longer transfer, it serves as a useful regional hub. Traveling from Quanzhou to Xiamen by car or taxi generally takes about 1 hour and 55 minutes.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

Travelers exploring the wider region by train may also encounter stations in nearby cities, though the specific stations listed here are located at a significant distance from Xiamen. The Chaoshan Railway Station is situated in the city of Shantou, approximately 185.1 km away. Additionally, Chaoyang Railway Station (Guangdong) (IATA: AZQ) serves the city of Jieyang and is located about 209 km from Xiamen. Arriving at these hubs would require arranging further long-distance transport to reach your final destination.

Below is a list of these regional railway stations:

Xiamen offers a fascinating mix of natural beauty, spiritual heritage, and historic fortifications. Visitors can explore a variety of sites that reflect the region's rich past and vibrant culture. From ancient temples nestled against mountains to impressive coastal defenses, the city's landmarks provide a compelling journey for every traveler.

One of the most renowned spiritual sites in the area is the South Putuo Temple. Located at the foot of the Wulao Peaks, this Buddhist temple dates back to the Tang Dynasty and is a major pilgrimage destination. Visitors are drawn to its intricate architecture, serene lotus ponds, and the panoramic views of the city and sea from the heights behind the temple halls. It is also famous for its vegetarian cuisine, which has a history almost as rich as the temple itself.

For those interested in history and coastal defense, the Hulishan Fortress is a must-see. Built in 1891 during the Qing Dynasty, this fortification played a significant role in protecting the gateway to Xiamen. The site is best known for housing the 19th-century German Krupp cannon, a massive piece of artillery that remains on its original site. Exploring the fortress offers not only a lesson in military history but also stunning views of the coastline.

Another iconic landmark in the broader region is the Juguang Tower. This three-story structure is celebrated for its traditional palace-style architecture and serves as a prominent symbol of the area's heritage. Inside, visitors can view exhibits that detail the local history and culture, while the top floor provides a sweeping vantage point for admiring the surrounding scenery.

A marvel of engineering and determination can be found at the Zhaishan Tunnel. Originally excavated for military purposes to accommodate boats, this granite tunnel is now a captivating tourist attraction. The reflection of the rocky walls in the calm water creates a breathtaking visual effect, and the site frequently hosts music festivals due to its unique acoustics. Walking through this cool, echoing passage offers a distinct and memorable experience.

Xiamen's culinary scene is a delightful exploration of Minnan cuisine, characterized by its emphasis on fresh seafood, light flavors, and savory soups. The city's coastal location ensures a steady supply of high-quality ingredients, which local chefs transform into dishes that are both delicate and flavorful. Visitors will find that the food here is rarely heavily spiced, preferring instead to highlight the natural umami of the ingredients.

One of the most iconic dishes to try is Sha Cha Mian (Satay Noodles). This savory soup is made with a rich broth based on satay sauce, which is slightly spicy and nutty, and can be customized with various toppings like shrimp, squid, tofu, and pork intestine. Another local favorite is the Oyster Omelet, a popular street food snack consisting of small, fresh oysters fried with eggs and sweet potato starch, giving it a unique chewy texture. For the adventurous eater, Tusun Dong (Sandworm Jelly) offers a truly authentic taste of the region, served cool with seasonings like soy sauce, vinegar, and chili.

Beyond seafood, the city has a celebrated tradition of vegetarian cuisine, most notably associated with the South Putuo Temple. The temple is famous for its exquisite vegetarian banquets and handcrafted vegetarian pies, which are often purchased by tourists as tasty souvenirs. These dishes are prepared with meticulous care, often mimicking the texture and appearance of meat while remaining entirely plant-based.

When it comes to beverages, tea culture is deeply ingrained in the local lifestyle. Xiamen is close to the production areas of Tieguanyin, a premium variety of Oolong tea. Locals often spend hours enjoying "Gongfu tea," a traditional brewing ceremony that brings out the intricate flavors of the leaves. While walking through the city, you might also encounter refreshing herbal teas and fresh sugarcane juice, perfect for cooling down in the subtropical heat.

Dining in Xiamen ranges from bustling night markets to relaxed open-air seafood stalls known as "Da Pai Dang." These stalls are the heart of the city's nightlife, where friends gather to enjoy stir-fried clams, steamed fish, and cold beer in a lively, informal setting. Whether you are exploring the pedestrian-friendly streets or sitting by the harbor, the gastronomic offerings of Xiamen provide a delicious window into the local culture.

Visiting Xiamen is a generally relaxing experience thanks to its clean environment and organized infrastructure, but a few logistical insights can make your trip even smoother. Here are some practical tips to help you navigate the "Garden on the Sea" with confidence and ease.

1. Clothing and Gear: Xiamen has a subtropical climate, so lightweight, breathable clothing is essential for the hot and humid summers. Winters are mild but can be breezy near the coast, so bring a light jacket or windbreaker. Most importantly, pack comfortable walking shoes. You will need them for exploring the vehicle-free Gulangyu Island and strolling along the lengthy Island Ring Road.

2. Transportation: The city boasts an excellent public transport system, including a modern metro and the unique BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), which runs on elevated roads to avoid traffic. Taxis and ride-hailing apps like DiDi are also convenient. Crucial Tip: If you plan to visit Gulangyu Island during the day, tourists must use the Xiamen International Cruise Center (Dongdu) terminal, not the local ferry terminal. Tickets often sell out, so book them online in advance.

3. Finances: The local currency is the Chinese Yuan (CNY/RMB). While major hotels accept international credit cards, daily life runs on mobile payments. It is highly recommended to download Alipay or WeChat Pay and link your international card, as even small street vendors prefer digital payments. Keep a small amount of cash for emergencies, but don't rely on it exclusively. Tipping is not customary.

4. Health and Safety: Xiamen is one of the safest cities in China for travelers. Pharmacies are widely available and usually marked with a green cross, though English-speaking staff may be rare. Tap water is not suitable for direct drinking; always stick to bottled or boiled water. In summer, carry mosquito repellent if you plan to visit parks or botanical gardens.

5. Communication: Mandarin is the primary language, though locals also speak the Minnan dialect. English proficiency is generally low outside of high-end hotels and major tourist hubs. Be sure to download a translation app that works offline. Additionally, remember that many Western apps (Google, WhatsApp, Instagram) are blocked, so you will need a roaming plan or a SIM card that supports access to these services.

6. Local Etiquette: Politeness is highly valued. When handing over money, a credit card, or a business card, use two hands as a sign of respect. It is polite to finish all the food on your plate, but do not leave your chopsticks sticking vertically into a bowl of rice, as this resembles incense burning for the dead.

7. What to Avoid: Be wary of "tea house scams," where overly friendly strangers invite you to a tea ceremony or to practice English, only to leave you with an exorbitant bill. Politely decline such invitations. Also, avoid traveling to popular spots like Gulangyu on Chinese national holidays if possible, as the crowds can be overwhelming.

8. Local Insight: Embrace the slow pace of life by trying "Gongfu Tea." Xiamen has a deep tea culture, and you will see locals brewing tea everywhere, from parks to shops. Sitting down at a local teahouse is the best way to soak up the authentic atmosphere of the city.

By keeping these tips in mind, you will be well-prepared to enjoy the unique blend of urban energy and coastal serenity that Xiamen offers. Whether you are navigating the ferry system or enjoying a digital payment-powered meal, you will fit right in with the local rhythm.

Xiamen transforms into a captivating playground after sunset, offering a nightlife scene that perfectly balances its relaxed coastal vibe with modern urban energy. Unlike the frenetic pace of some larger metropolises, the evening atmosphere here is often more about enjoying the sea breeze, live music, and socializing in open-air venues. Whether you prefer sipping cocktails by the water, exploring bustling night markets, or dancing in energetic clubs, the city has something to suit every mood.

For those seeking a lively concentration of bars and cafes, the Shapowei Art Zone is a top recommendation. Once a humble fishing shelter, this area has evolved into a hipster haven filled with craft beer bars, art spaces, and rooftop terraces overlooking the old harbor. It is a fantastic place to mingle with the local creative crowd and enjoy views of the city's modern skyline juxtaposed against traditional fishing culture.

Another popular district is Haiwan Park, where you can find a strip of upscale bars and clubs. These venues often feature outdoor seating that offers stunning views of the Haicang Bridge illuminated against the night sky, making it an ideal spot for a sophisticated evening out. The open-air setting allows visitors to enjoy the cool maritime air while sampling international drinks and listening to live bands.

Travelers looking for local flavor should head to Zeng Cuo An. This former fishing village buzzes with activity until late, offering a mix of street food stalls, souvenir shops, and small folk music bars where aspiring singers perform for passersby. It is the perfect place to grab a snack, buy a trinket, and soak up the youthful, artistic energy of the city.

For a classic Xiamen evening, a stroll down Zhongshan Road is essential. As a pedestrian-only street, it comes alive at night with dazzling lights illuminating the historic Qilou (arcade-style) architecture. Here, visitors can shop for local products, taste famous snacks like peanut soup, and enjoy the vibrant crowd in the heart of the city's commercial district.

Safety is rarely a concern in Xiamen, as the city is well-lit and secure for night walks. Public transport runs efficiently, but for late-night travel, taxis and ride-hailing apps are the most convenient options. Prices in nightlife venues are generally reasonable, though sea-view bars in Haiwan Park may command a premium. The dress code is typically casual to smart-casual; you will fit in perfectly with comfortable yet neat attire.

While the nights are vibrant, Xiamen also offers plenty of cultural entertainment. Visitors can explore various venues that detail the region's maritime history or enjoy family-friendly fun at local parks. For culture enthusiasts, the city's theaters frequently host performances ranging from traditional Minnan opera to modern orchestral concerts, providing a rich cultural complement to the dynamic nightlife.

Xiamen is widely celebrated as a city where urban life harmonizes perfectly with nature, earning it the reputation of a "Garden on the Sea." Beyond its famous coastal promenades, the city is dotted with lush botanical retreats and cultural institutions that preserve its unique heritage as a historic port and ancestral home to many overseas Chinese.

One of the most impressive natural sanctuaries in the city is the Xiamen Botanical Garden, also known as Wanshi Botanical Garden. Nestled against the Wanshi Mountain, this sprawling park covers nearly 5 square kilometers and features over 6,000 plant species. Visitors can wander through diverse zones, including a misty rainforest world that feels prehistoric and a massive succulent garden filled with towering cacti. It is a favorite spot for hiking, offering trails that lead to rock formations and scenic viewpoints overlooking the city skyline.

For a more urban green space, Bailuzhou Park serves as the green lung of downtown Xiamen. Located in the middle of Yundang Lake, this island park is beautifully landscaped with manicured lawns and walking paths. It is home to the majestic Goddess Egret statue, the symbol of the city. In the evenings, the park comes alive with locals practicing tai chi, dancing, or simply enjoying the musical fountain shows, making it a perfect place to observe local life in a serene setting.

Xiamen's cultural landscape is equally compelling, with the Overseas Chinese Museum standing out as a key institution. Founded by the renowned philanthropist Tan Kah Kee, this museum is dedicated to the history of Chinese emigration. Its exhibits showcase the hardships, achievements, and contributions of overseas Chinese throughout history. The building itself is a classic example of the "Jia Geng" architectural style, blending traditional Chinese roofing with Western structural elements.

On the pedestrian-only island of Gulangyu, the Piano Museum offers a culturally distinct experience located within the historic Shuzhuang Garden. Xiamen is known for its high density of pianos, and this museum houses a rare collection of over 70 historic pianos from around the world. The collection includes valuable antique instruments that provide a glimpse into the island's rich musical heritage, all set against the backdrop of crashing waves and colonial villas.

Architecturally, the city is defined by the unique Jiageng Style, best observed at Xiamen University and the surrounding Jimei School Village. This style is characterized by "wearing a suit and a bamboo hat"—a metaphor for buildings that feature Western-style bodies topped with traditional Chinese roofs. Exploring these campuses offers a look at some of the most beautiful educational architecture in China.

For a lesser-known experience, take a stroll along the Railway Cultural Park. This linear park was built along an abandoned railway line that once cut through the city. It has been transformed into a peaceful walking corridor lined with trees and historical markers. It offers a quiet, nostalgic route through the older districts of Xiamen, far removed from the bustling tourist crowds.

Xiamen boasts a modern and highly efficient public transport network that makes navigating the city both affordable and convenient. The system is well-integrated, connecting the main island with the mainland districts through a combination of subways, rapid transit buses, and ferries. Whether you are heading to a business district or a scenic spot, you will find that getting around is straightforward, with signage and announcements frequently available in English.

The Xiamen Metro (AMTR) is the backbone of the city's transit, offering a comfortable and traffic-free way to travel. Currently, several lines are in operation, with Line 1 being particularly popular among tourists for its scenic "sea-crossing" section, where the train runs above water offering stunning views of the coastline. The metro stations are clean, modern, and equipped with security checkpoints. Trains generally run from around 06:30 to 22:30 or 23:00, depending on the line and the day of the week.

A unique feature of Xiamen's infrastructure is the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. Unlike standard buses, BRT vehicles travel on dedicated elevated roadways, allowing them to bypass city traffic completely. This system functions almost like a light rail, providing high-speed connections across the island and to the northern districts like Jimei. For shorter distances or routes not covered by the BRT or metro, an extensive network of regular buses is available. These are extremely economical, often costing as little as 1 CNY per ride, though they can be crowded during peak hours.

Given the city's geography, ferries are an essential mode of transport, particularly for visiting Gulangyu Island. It is critical for tourists to distinguish between the terminals: the Xiamen International Cruise Center (Dongdu) is strictly for tourists during the day, while the Luntaidu Ferry Terminal is reserved for locals. Ferry tickets for tourists include the return trip and should be purchased in advance due to high demand.

Paying for transport is seamless. The most convenient option for visitors planning to stay a few days is the E-Tong Card. This rechargeable smart card can be used on the metro, BRT, regular buses, and even ferries. You can purchase and top up these cards at metro stations, ferry terminals, and many convenience stores. For single journeys on the metro, you can buy round plastic tokens from automated ticket machines, which accept cash and mobile payments.

For those comfortable with mobile technology, Alipay and WeChat Pay are widely accepted. You can activate a "Transport Code" within these apps to scan at metro turnstiles and bus card readers, eliminating the need for physical tickets. If you prefer using cash, note that buses operate on a strict exact-change policy, so always carry small coins or 1 CNY banknotes if you do not have a card or app.

Taxis and ride-hailing services offer a flexible alternative. Taxis are readily available and use meters; they are generally inexpensive compared to Western standards. Ride-hailing apps like DiDi are extremely popular and often easier for foreigners to use, as the destination can be input in English within the app interface. Additionally, Xiamen is a very bike-friendly city. Shared bicycles (such as HelloBike or Meituan Bike) are scattered everywhere and can be unlocked via their respective apps, perfect for short trips along the flat coastal roads.

Finding the perfect place to stay in Xiamen is relatively easy, as the city offers a diverse array of accommodation options suited to every budget and travel style. From luxurious international five-star hotels with sweeping ocean views to charming boutique guesthouses tucked away in historic alleyways, the hospitality scene here is well-developed. Whether you are a backpacker looking for a social hostel or a family seeking a resort experience, Xiamen has plenty to offer.

One of the most popular areas for tourists to base themselves is the Siming District, particularly near Zhongshan Road. Staying here places you right in the heart of the action, with immediate access to bustling pedestrian streets, local food markets, and major transport links like the metro and ferry terminals. It is an ideal location for first-time visitors who want to be within walking distance of the city's commercial hub and historic architecture.

For a more romantic or nostalgic experience, many travelers choose to spend a night or two on Gulangyu Island. The island is famous for its "Minsu" (homestays) and boutique hotels often housed in renovated colonial villas. Staying on the island allows you to experience its peaceful atmosphere early in the morning and late at night, after the day-trippers have left. However, keep in mind that no vehicles are allowed on the island, so you will need to carry your luggage from the ferry wharf to your hotel.

If a relaxing beach holiday is your priority, consider the hotels along the Island Ring Road (Huandao Road). This area is home to spacious resorts and high-end properties that offer direct access to the beach and stunning sunrise views. It is a quieter alternative to the city center, perfect for travelers who want to enjoy the sea breeze and cycling paths right on their doorstep.

Booking Tips: Xiamen is a top domestic tourist destination, so it is highly advisable to book your accommodation well in advance, especially if you plan to visit during Chinese national holidays or the summer peak season. If you are a foreign traveler, it is also smart to confirm that your chosen hotel is licensed to accept international guests, as some smaller budget guesthouses may not have the necessary permits.

Prices in Xiamen are generally reasonable compared to top-tier cities in China like Shanghai or Beijing. Budget travelers can find comfortable hostels or simple rooms for a modest fee, while mid-range hotels offer excellent value with modern amenities. Luxury resorts are available at international standards. Most bookings can be easily made through major global travel platforms or popular Asian booking apps, which often provide better deals and clearer information regarding foreigner acceptance policies.

One of the most culturally significant destinations in the region is Quanzhou. Located just a short distance up the coast, this historic city was once one of the world's largest ports and a starting point of the Maritime Silk Road. Visitors can explore the magnificent Kaiyuan Temple, known for its twin pagodas, and wander through ancient streets that display a unique blend of Buddhist, Islamic, and Taoist heritage. It offers a deeper, more traditional dive into Minnan culture compared to the more modern vibe of Xiamen.

To the west lies Zhangzhou, a city that serves as a gateway to the famous Fujian Tulou clusters. While the city center itself has charming historic districts with Ming and Qing dynasty architecture, it is most famous for being the administrative base for visiting the iconic earthen roundhouses scattered in the rural mountainous counties nearby. These UNESCO World Heritage sites are architectural marvels built by the Hakka people and are a highlight for any traveler in Fujian.

Another interesting option is Putian, renowned as the birthplace of the sea goddess Mazu. The city attracts pilgrims and tourists alike to Meizhou Island, where the ancestral temple of Mazu is located. It is a place of great spiritual importance for coastal communities across Asia and offers beautiful island scenery alongside its rich religious history.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region, making them perfect additions to your travel itinerary.

Shopping in Xiamen offers a delightful blend of modern convenience and traditional charm. As a historic port city, it has long been a hub for trade, resulting in a retail landscape that ranges from high-end international boutiques to bustling local markets filled with dried seafood and tea. Visitors will find that the city is not just about purchasing goods but also about experiencing the local "Minnan" lifestyle, where bargaining in old alleyways is as common as browsing through air-conditioned luxury complexes.

The most iconic shopping destination in the city is undoubtedly Zhongshan Road. This pedestrian-only street is lined with historic Qilou (arcade-style) buildings that house a vast array of shops, from jewelry stores and fashion outlets to souvenir stands. It is the perfect place to admire the architecture while hunting for local snacks and handicrafts. At night, the street is beautifully illuminated, drawing crowds who come to enjoy the lively atmosphere and the fresh sea breeze.

For a more comprehensive modern shopping experience, SM City Xiamen is the go-to destination. Located at the intersection of the city's two main thoroughfares, this massive complex is divided into several phases (SM One, Two, and Three), offering everything from high-street fashion brands and electronics to a wide selection of restaurants and a cinema. It is a popular spot for both locals and tourists seeking a one-stop location for entertainment and retail therapy.

To truly understand the local culture, a visit to the Eighth Seafood Market (Bashi Market) is essential. While primarily a wet market famous for its incredible variety of fresh seafood, it also offers a glimpse into the daily life of Xiamen residents. Surrounding the market are numerous stalls selling dried fruits, spices, and traditional snacks. It is a vibrant, noisy, and authentic place to explore, far removed from the polished floors of the shopping malls.

When it comes to souvenirs, Xiamen has several specialties that make for excellent gifts. The region is famous for its Oolong tea, particularly the Tieguanyin variety from nearby Anxi, which can be purchased in many dedicated tea shops. Another popular item is the "Xiamen Pie," a sweet pastry with various fillings like red bean or green bean. The vegetarian pies from the South Putuo Temple are especially renowned and are considered a must-buy for visitors. Additionally, high-quality dried seafood, such as scallops and shrimp, is a staple product of the city.

Most shopping malls and large department stores in Xiamen operate from around 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM. While major international credit cards are accepted in large malls and hotels, the city runs primarily on mobile payments. Apps like Alipay and WeChat Pay are used everywhere, from luxury boutiques to street vendors. It is highly recommended to have one of these apps set up on your phone. Cash is accepted but is becoming less common for small transactions.

Tourists visiting Xiamen may be eligible for a tax refund on purchases made at designated "Tax Free" stores, provided they meet the minimum spending requirements. Look for the "Tax Free" signage at the entrance or customer service desks of large department stores. To claim the refund, you will need to present your passport and the tax refund form at the customs counter upon your departure from the international airport.