Changsha

Changsha is the vibrant capital of Hunan Province and a significant cultural and commercial hub in China. Situated on the lower reaches of the Xiang River, this bustling metropolis is home to over 4.7 million people, offering a dynamic blend of ancient heritage and modern urban energy. Known for its lively atmosphere and friendly locals, the city serves as a major gateway to the scenic landscapes of the region.

The city boasts a legacy that spans over three millennia, making it one of the most historically significant destinations in the country. Visitors can explore the deep history of Changsha to understand its evolution from a strategic military post to a center of education and culture. The climate here features four distinct seasons, with lush, green springs and hot, energetic summers that match the fiery nature of the local cuisine.

Travelers are often captivated by the city's unique landmarks. The prestigious Yuelu Academy, located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, is one of the oldest academies in the world and a testament to the city's scholarly traditions. Another must-visit is Orange Isle, the world's longest inland river isle, which provides stunning views and a peaceful escape from the city center. Additionally, the Hunan Provincial Museum attracts visitors from around the globe with its world-famous Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tombs.

Whether you are eager to taste the renowned spicy flavors of Hunan cuisine or wander through scenic parks and ancient streets, Changsha offers an unforgettable experience. It is a city that perfectly harmonizes its storied past with a bright future, inviting adventurers to discover its many charms.

Changsha experiences a climate with four distinct seasons, offering a variety of atmospheric conditions for travelers throughout the year. To help plan your trip and pack appropriately, it is helpful to review the detailed weather in Changsha. Generally, the city sees significant temperature shifts, moving from cool winters to hot summers.

The summer months are typically the warmest, particularly July and August, when average temperatures rise to around 30°C and daily highs can reach 34°C. June stands out as the wettest period, featuring the highest precipitation levels and approximately 20 wet days, so rain gear is recommended if you visit during this time. Conversely, the winter season is chilly and drier; in January, the average temperature drops to about 6.0°C, with lows dipping near 2.7°C.

Spring and autumn provide milder transitions ideal for outdoor exploration. May and September are quite pleasant, with average temperatures sitting between 23°C and 27°C. Rainfall decreases significantly towards the end of the year, with December recording very little precipitation and only about 7 wet days. Overall, you can expect hot summers with regular rainfall in June, and cool, comparatively dry winters.

Beyond the main attractions, Changsha holds many fascinating secrets that reveal its dynamic character. This city is not only a guardian of ancient history but also a surprising trendsetter in modern entertainment and engineering.

• The "Star City" of Entertainment: Changsha is widely recognized as the entertainment capital of China, largely due to the influence of Hunan TV, the country’s second-most-watched channel. The city is a hub for pop culture, producing some of the nation's most famous variety shows and launching the careers of numerous celebrities.

• A Skyscraper in 19 Days: The city gained global attention for a feat of modern engineering when a local company constructed "Mini Sky City," a 57-story skyscraper, in just 19 days. Using pre-fabricated modular parts, the construction team managed to assemble the tower at an astonishing rate of three floors per day.

• Famous Black Stinky Tofu: While this controversial snack exists elsewhere, Changsha is famous for its unique black version. The tofu acquires its distinct jet-black color and pungent aroma from a long fermentation process in a special brine made from bamboo shoots, shiitake mushrooms, and fermented soy beans, offering a taste that is surprisingly crispy and savory.

• Global Fireworks Hub: Changsha administers the nearby city of Liuyang, which is known as the fireworks capital of the world. This region produces a massive percentage of the world's pyrotechnics, and for years, the city has hosted spectacular weekly fireworks shows over the Xiang River, drawing crowds to the waterfront.

Reaching this bustling metropolis in Hunan Province is convenient thanks to its well-developed transport network. Whether you prefer flying or taking the train, there are multiple options available for travelers. You can find all ways to reach the city and detailed routes on our dedicated transport page.

The primary air gateway is Changsha Huanghua Airport (CSX), which is an international airport located directly in Changsha, approximately 28 km from the city center. A trip by taxi or airport bus usually takes around 60 minutes. This major hub handles a very large volume of passengers annually, connecting the region to numerous domestic and international destinations. Alternatively, travelers can fly into Changde Airport (CGD) in the city of Changde, which is about 148 km away from Changsha. From there, you would need to arrange ground transport, such as a long-distance bus or taxi, which takes significantly longer, roughly 4 hours.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

Traveling by train is another popular and efficient way to arrive. The city is served by Changsha Railway Station, located just 14.6 km from the downtown area. A taxi ride from this station to the center takes approximately 40 to 45 minutes. For those coming from other directions, Zhuzhou Railway Station in the neighboring city of Zhuzhou is another option, situated about 50 km away. The journey from Zhuzhou to Changsha by road would take around 1 hour and 35 minutes.

Below is a list of nearby railway stations that serve the region:

Changsha offers a fascinating mix of ancient history, revolutionary heritage, and vibrant street life. From mountain retreats to bustling historic streets, the city's landmarks provide a deep dive into the culture of Hunan Province. Here are some of the most captivating places to visit during your stay.

One of the city's most iconic natural and cultural sites is Yuelu Mountain. Located on the west bank of the Xiang River, it is renowned for its lush maple trees that turn a brilliant red in autumn. Nestled at its foot is the historic Yuelu Academy, one of the four prestigious academies of ancient China, dating back to the Song Dynasty. Visitors can hike up to the Aiwan Pavilion to enjoy panoramic views of the city or wander through the academy's well-preserved courtyards to appreciate the scholarly atmosphere that has thrived here for over a thousand years.

Floating in the middle of the Xiang River, Orange Isle (Juzizhou) is a massive sandbar that serves as a popular park for locals and tourists alike. It is famous for the colossal Statue of Young Mao Zedong, a stone sculpture depicting the leader in his youth, with his hair blowing in the wind. The isle is a fantastic place for a leisurely walk or a ride on the sightseeing train, offering beautiful gardens, citrus trees, and a unique vantage point to see the skyline of Changsha from the water.

For history enthusiasts, the Hunan Provincial Museum is an absolute must-see. It houses the world-famous Mawangdui Han Tombs, which are among the most significant archaeological discoveries in China. The highlight of the collection is the incredibly well-preserved body of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui), over 2,000 years old, along with thousands of exquisite artifacts including silk garments, lacquerware, and manuscripts. The museum provides a captivating journey into the life and customs of the Western Han Dynasty.

To experience the bustling energy of old Changsha, head to Taiping Street. This historic block has preserved its original fishbone street layout and traditional architecture, contrasting sharply with the modern skyscrapers nearby. It is a vibrant hub for foodies, packed with stalls selling local snacks like the famous stinky tofu and sugar-oil pancakes. Walking down the stone-paved alleys, you can also find trendy cafes, art galleries, and the former residence of the scholar Jia Yi, making it a perfect spot to blend cultural exploration with culinary delights.

Another significant landmark is Tianxin Pavilion, which sits atop the ancient city wall of Changsha. As the only remaining part of the old fortifications, it holds great historical value. The pavilion is surrounded by a peaceful park where locals often gather to practice tai chi or play traditional instruments. Climbing to the top of the pavilion offers a commanding view of the city and a chance to reflect on Changsha's resilience and long history.

Changsha is a paradise for food lovers and the epicenter of Hunan cuisine, also known as Xiang cuisine, which is celebrated as one of the Eight Great Cuisines of China. Unlike the numbing heat found in other regions, the local flavor profile here is defined by "dry spice" and "sour heat," creating dishes that are aromatic, fresh, and intensely flavorful. The locals are known for their love of chili peppers, often joking that they do not fear spicy food, but rather fear food that isn't spicy.

A culinary journey here must include the city's signature dish, Steamed Fish Head with Chopped Chili (Duo Jiao Yu Tou). This visually striking meal features a large, tender fish head covered in a vibrant layer of red pickled chilies, ginger, and scallions, offering a perfect balance of heat and savory freshness. Another classic is Mao’s Braised Pork (Hong Shao Rou), a rich dish made from succulent pork belly glazed with sugar and spices. It is famous for its red, glossy appearance and melt-in-the-mouth texture, remaining a favorite comfort food throughout the province.

The city's street food culture is legendary, with the iconic Changsha Stinky Tofu taking center stage. Distinguished by its jet-black crispy skin, this snack is deep-fried and soaked in a spicy, garlicky broth that bursts with flavor. For breakfast, the day typically begins with a bowl of Rice Noodles (Mifen). Locals frequent neighborhood shops to slurp these flat or round noodles served in a rich bone broth, customized with toppings like pickled beans, beef, or spicy pork.

To balance the fiery cuisine, tea is a staple beverage, reflecting Hunan's status as a major tea-producing region. During the hot summers, you will also find people cooling down with refreshing drinks like chilled mung bean soup or plum juice. The dining atmosphere in Changsha is lively and social, particularly at night. Famous areas like Pozi Street come alive after dark, where restaurants and stalls stay open late, serving spicy crayfish and grilled skewers to crowds enjoying the vibrant "yexiao" (late-night snack) culture.

Welcome to Changsha! To ensure your journey through this energetic metropolis is as smooth as it is exciting, we have compiled some essential travel advice. These practical tips will help you navigate the local customs, climate, and daily life like a pro, allowing you to focus on enjoying the city's rich culture and fiery cuisine.

1. Clothing and Gear: Changsha is known as one of China's "furnace cities," so if you visit in summer, pack lightweight, breathable fabrics and sun protection to handle the intense heat and humidity. Winters can be damp and chilly, requiring a warm coat and layers. Since you will likely be walking a lot—especially if you plan to hike Yuelu Mountain or explore the expansive Orange Isle—bringing a pair of sturdy, comfortable walking shoes is essential.

2. Transportation: The Changsha Metro is the most efficient way to get around; it is clean, punctual, and features signs in English. For airport transfers, the city boasts a unique Maglev Express line connecting the airport to the high-speed railway station. Taxis are plentiful, but it is often easier to use ride-hailing apps (integrated into Alipay or WeChat) to avoid language barriers when giving directions.

3. Finances: The local currency is the Renminbi (RMB). While cash is accepted, Changsha is a nearly cashless society where mobile payments dominate. It is highly recommended to download Alipay or WeChat Pay and link your international credit card before arrival. Carry a small amount of cash for older vendors, but rely on your phone for most transactions. Tipping is not customary in restaurants or taxis.

4. Health and Safety: Changsha is generally a very safe city for tourists, even at night. However, tap water is not safe to drink; always purchase bottled water or use a kettle to boil it first. Pharmacies are widely available and can be identified by a green cross sign, though few staff may speak English, so having a translation app ready is helpful for describing symptoms.

5. Communication: Mandarin is the official language, but locals often speak "Changsha Hua," a dialect that can be hard to understand. English is not widely spoken outside of 5-star hotels and major attractions. You must have a translation app installed on your phone. Additionally, ensure you have a roaming plan or a travel SIM card that allows access to international websites, as many western apps are blocked.

6. Local Etiquette: When dining, it is polite to try a bit of everything if sharing dishes. Be prepared for noise in restaurants; a loud atmosphere is often a sign of a good meal and enjoyment. If you are invited to a local's home or a formal dinner, wait to be seated, and never leave your chopsticks sticking vertically into a bowl of rice, as this resembles incense burning for the dead.

7. What to Avoid: Do not underestimate the spice level of Hunan cuisine. If you cannot handle heat, explicitly ask for "bu la" (no spice) or "wei la" (mild), though even "mild" can be quite spicy for the uninitiated. Also, avoid taking "black taxis" (unlicensed cabs) at transport hubs; stick to the official taxi queues or ride-hailing apps for your safety.

8. Experience the Night Life: Changsha is famous across the country for its vibrant night culture. Don't just stay in your hotel after dark; head to places like Jiefang West Road or the night markets. The city comes alive late at night with "yexiao" (late-night snacks), and seeing the bustling streets at midnight is a key part of the local experience.

By keeping these tips in mind, you will be well-prepared to embrace the dynamic rhythm of Changsha. Whether you are navigating the modern subway or sampling street food in a historic alley, a little preparation will go a long way in making your trip unforgettable.

Changsha is widely hailed as the "Capital of Entertainment" in China, and its nightlife is legendary throughout the country. Unlike many other cities where the streets quiet down after dinner, Changsha truly wakes up when the sun sets. The local culture is deeply rooted in "yexiao" (late-night snacking) and social gatherings, creating an electric atmosphere that often lasts until dawn. Whether you are looking for high-energy dance clubs, relaxed live music bars, or bustling food streets, the city offers an endless array of options for night owls.

The epicenter of the action is undoubtedly Jiefang West Road. This neon-lit thoroughfare is the heart of the city's bar and club scene, packed with KTV lounges, cocktail bars, and massive dance clubs. The crowd here is young, fashionable, and energetic. Venues typically open around 8:00 PM but don't reach their peak until midnight. If you plan to visit a popular club on the weekend, booking a table in advance is often necessary, although standing at the bar is usually an option for smaller groups.

For a unique experience that blends dining with nostalgia, you must visit Super Wenheyou. Located within the Hisense Plaza near Jiefang West Road, this multi-story complex is a stunning recreation of old Changsha from the 1980s. It functions as a massive, immersive restaurant and museum where you can explore retro alleyways and enjoy local delicacies like spicy crayfish late into the night. Another historic venue is the Fire Palace (Huogongdian) on Pozi Street. Famous for its traditional architecture and temple fair atmosphere, it is the perfect place to sample authentic Hunan snacks such as stinky tofu and sugar-oil pancakes while soaking in the lively surroundings.

Practical advice for navigating the nightlife includes dressing to impress, as locals often put effort into their evening attire, especially when visiting clubs. Prices vary significantly; street food is incredibly affordable, while high-end bars can charge international rates for drinks. Getting around is convenient, with taxis and ride-hailing apps widely available throughout the night. Changsha is generally very safe for night walks, even in the early morning hours, but it is always wise to stay in well-lit, populated areas and keep track of your belongings in crowded bars.

While the night steals the show, daytime entertainment in Changsha is equally engaging. Culture enthusiasts should head to the Meixi Lake International Culture & Arts Centre. Designed by Zaha Hadid, this architectural marvel hosts world-class operas, concerts, and theatrical performances. For families or thrill-seekers, Changsha Window of the World offers a classic amusement park experience with roller coasters and replicas of famous global landmarks. Whether day or night, the city's dynamic spirit ensures there is never a dull moment.

Changsha seamlessly blends its lush natural landscapes with a profound cultural heritage, offering visitors a rich array of green spaces and world-class exhibitions. From ancient academies nestled in mountains to futuristic art centers, the city provides ample opportunities to explore both its scenic beauty and its artistic soul.

For a breath of fresh air in the heart of the city, Hunan Martyrs Park is the largest and most popular urban park in Changsha. It serves as a peaceful retreat for locals, featuring a vast lake where you can rent boats and traditional pavilions surrounded by cedar and camphor trees. It is a perfect spot for a morning walk to observe locals practicing tai chi or playing traditional instruments. Another ecological gem is the Yanghu Wetland Park, a massive regeneration project that has transformed into a biodiversity haven. With its extensive wooden boardwalks, flower fields, and bird-watching areas, it offers a quiet escape from the urban bustle and is particularly beautiful in spring.

When it comes to culture, the Hunan Provincial Museum remains the city's crown jewel. While famous for the Han Dynasty tombs, it also houses extensive collections of bronzeware, calligraphy, and ceramics that trace the region's civilization. For a more contemporary experience, the Xie Zilong Photography Museum and the adjacent Li Zijian Art Museum are must-visits. Located along the Xiang River, these venues are celebrated not only for their impressive art and photography exhibitions but also for their striking modern architecture, which has made them a favorite backdrop for photographers and social media enthusiasts.

History buffs should not miss Kaifu Temple, a key Buddhist site with a history dating back over a thousand years. The temple complex is renowned for its serene atmosphere, ancient gardens, and active religious community. Another architectural landmark is the Du Fu River Pavilion, dedicated to the famous Tang Dynasty poet who spent his final years in the region. Standing majestically by the river, it offers spectacular views of the water and the fireworks shows, especially when illuminated at night.

For a truly authentic experience, take a stroll through the Chaozong Street historical block. Less commercialized than some other tourist areas, it retains the charm of old Changsha with its granite-paved lanes, Republic of China-era buildings, and hidden cultural centers. It is a fantastic place to stumble upon small private galleries or enjoy a quiet cup of tea in a restored heritage house.

Navigating Changsha is surprisingly convenient thanks to its rapidly expanding and modern public transportation network. The city has invested heavily in infrastructure, resulting in a system that is clean, efficient, and relatively easy for international visitors to use. The backbone of local travel is the Changsha Metro, which connects major commercial districts, railway stations, and tourist attractions with speed and reliability.

The metro system currently operates several lines that cover the most important parts of the city. Stations are well-marked with signs in both Mandarin and English, making navigation straightforward. Ticket machines are available at every station, allowing you to purchase single-journey tokens using cash or mobile payments. Fares are distance-based and very affordable, typically ranging from 2 to 7 RMB depending on how far you travel. The trains are air-conditioned and punctual, making them the best option for avoiding surface traffic during rush hours.

A standout feature of the city's transport infrastructure is the Changsha Maglev Express. This was China's first prominent medium-low speed magnetic levitation line. It provides a seamless connection between Changsha Huanghua International Airport and Changsha South Railway Station. The ride is smooth, quiet, and offers scenic views of the suburbs. It is not just a transit method but an experience in itself, showcasing the city's engineering capabilities. The journey takes about 20 minutes and costs 20 RMB.

For destinations not served by the metro, the public bus network is extensive. Buses can take you to every corner of the city, usually for a flat rate of 2 RMB. However, bus stops and route information are almost exclusively in Chinese. If you choose to take the bus, it is advisable to use a navigation app to track your route and stops in real-time. You enter through the front door and pay immediately, then exit through the rear door.

Payment methods in Changsha are heavily digitized. While you can use cash (coins and small notes) for metro tokens and bus fares, the most convenient way to pay is via smartphone. The Alipay and WeChat apps both have "Transport" or "Ride Code" mini-programs that generate a QR code. You simply scan this code at the metro turnstile or the bus card reader to pay instantly. If you plan to stay for a longer period, you might consider buying a physical Xiangxing Card (IC card) at metro service centers, which works on both buses and the subway.

Taxis and ride-hailing services offer a comfortable alternative. Traditional taxis are plentiful and can be hailed on the street; they are metered, and you should insist on the driver using the meter. However, language barriers can be a challenge, so always have your destination written in Chinese to show the driver. Alternatively, using a ride-hailing app like DiDi (often integrated into Alipay with an English interface) allows you to input your destination in English and pay automatically, eliminating communication issues.

For short trips or "last-mile" connections, shared bicycles and electric scooters are scattered throughout the city. You will see blue (HelloBike), yellow (Meituan), and green (Didi) bikes parked on sidewalks. These can be unlocked by scanning the QR code on the frame using the corresponding app or Alipay/WeChat. It is an inexpensive and pleasant way to explore the riverside parks or travel between a metro station and your hotel.

Most public transport operates from early morning, around 6:30 AM, until approximately 11:00 PM. If you are traveling very late at night, taxis or ride-hailing apps will be your only options. Be aware that during peak hours (7:30–9:00 AM and 5:30–7:00 PM), the metro and main roads can be quite crowded, so plan accordingly to allow for a little extra travel time.

Accommodation in Changsha caters to a wide spectrum of travelers, ranging from opulent luxury hotels housed in soaring skyscrapers to cost-effective hostels and guesthouses. As a major provincial capital and entertainment hub, the hospitality sector here is well-developed. Visitors can easily find high-end international chains that offer five-star amenities and sweeping river views, as well as clean, modern mid-range business hotels that provide excellent value for money. For backpackers or budget-conscious travelers, there are numerous youth hostels and boutique inns, often decorated with a trendy, youthful vibe that reflects the city's energetic spirit.

When choosing where to stay, location is key to experiencing the best of the city. The most popular area for tourists is undoubtedly around Wuyi Square and the Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street. Staying here places you right in the heart of the action, surrounded by major shopping malls like Changsha IFS, endless street food stalls, and the vibrant nightlife of Jiefang West Road. It is the most convenient base for accessing the metro and visiting main attractions.

For those seeking a more scenic and relaxed atmosphere, the Xiang River waterfront is an excellent choice. Many hotels along the riverbank offer rooms with floor-to-ceiling windows, allowing guests to enjoy panoramic views of Orange Isle and the stunning light shows that illuminate the skyline at night. Alternatively, if your itinerary involves an early morning departure or late arrival by train, the area surrounding Changsha Railway Station offers a multitude of practical and affordable lodging options with easy access to public transport.

In terms of pricing, Changsha is generally quite affordable compared to top-tier cities like Beijing or Shanghai. Budget accommodations typically range from 150 to 300 RMB per night, while comfortable mid-range hotels usually cost between 400 and 800 RMB. Luxury experiences can start from around 1,000 RMB and go upwards depending on the brand and season. Most bookings can be easily made through major international platforms, but it is always wise to confirm that your chosen hotel is authorized to host international guests before finalizing your reservation.

Booking Tip: Changsha is an incredibly popular domestic tourist destination, especially during Chinese public holidays such as the May Day holiday and National Day Golden Week in October. During these peak times, room rates can surge, and popular hotels sell out weeks in advance. To secure the best rates and your preferred location, it is highly recommended to book your accommodation well ahead of your trip.

Changsha serves as an excellent strategic base for exploring the wider Hunan Province. Its central location allows travelers to easily reach several other fascinating cities, each offering its own unique slice of regional culture, history, and natural scenery. From major industrial hubs to gateways for sacred mountains, the surrounding area is rich with opportunities for short excursions.

The closest neighbor is Zhuzhou, located just 48 km away. As a vital railway hub and industrial center, it is incredibly accessible and shares a close economic bond with the capital. To the northwest lies Yiyang, often celebrated as the "Hometown of Bamboo" due to its lush forests and tea culture. Traveling further south, you will find Hengyang, the second-largest city in the province and the gateway to Mount Heng (Nanyue), one of China's Five Great Mountains. Other notable destinations include Changde, famous for the legendary Peach Blossom Spring, and Loudi, known for its unique geological caves.

Below is a comparison of these nearby cities to help you plan your travels:

Changsha provides a shopping experience that mirrors its personality: fiery, modern, and deeply rooted in tradition. Visitors can find everything from international luxury brands housed in gleaming skyscrapers to quirky local crafts hidden in ancient alleyways. The city is a trendsetter in China, often introducing new fashion and retail concepts that appeal to its large, youthful population, making it an exciting place to browse and buy.

The beating heart of the city's retail scene is Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street. This bustling thoroughfare stretches for nearly a kilometer and is lined with hundreds of clothing boutiques, sporting goods stores, and snack stalls. It is vibrant day and night, marked by the bronze statue of Huang Xing at the entrance. Nearby, Pozi Street offers a more traditional vibe, where shopping for local food products and crafts goes hand in hand with tasting the city's culinary delights.

For a high-end shopping experience, Changsha IFS (International Finance Square) is the place to be. Located in the tallest building in the province, this massive complex hosts a vast array of luxury international labels, fine dining restaurants, and a cinema. It is also famous for the giant art sculptures on its rooftop garden, which have become a popular photo spot. Another notable destination is Hisense Plaza, which is known for its upscale environment and proximity to the unique, retro-themed Super Wenheyou dining complex.

While modern malls dominate, the city's traditional markets offer a glimpse into local life. Taiping Old Street, while technically a historic block, functions as a lively market for tourists. Here, you can browse through shops selling traditional instruments, calligraphy supplies, and handcrafted jewelry within restored heritage buildings. For those interested in wholesale goods or getting lost in a maze of products ranging from tea to toys, the Gaoqiao Grand Market is one of the largest comprehensive markets in the region, offering a more authentic local trade atmosphere.

When hunting for gifts, Xiang Embroidery is the top recommendation. As one of China's four famous embroidery styles, it is renowned for its intricate needlework and vibrant colors, often depicting tigers or landscapes. Hunan tea is another excellent choice, with local varieties like dark tea from Anhua being highly prized. For a more edible souvenir, look for vacuum-packed Changsha Stinky Tofu, spicy chili sauce, or duck necks, which allow you to bring a taste of the city's fiery cuisine home with you.

Most shopping malls and department stores are open daily from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM, while street markets and independent shops often stay open even later, fueled by the city's active nightlife. Payment is almost exclusively digital; it is highly recommended to have Alipay or WeChat Pay set up on your phone, as many smaller vendors and stalls may not have enough change for cash transactions.

International tourists may be eligible for a tax refund on purchases made at designated large department stores and malls, such as Changsha IFS. Look for the "Tax Free" signage at the entrance or service desk. You will typically need your passport and the purchase receipts to process the refund application, so be sure to inquire about the specific requirements at the point of sale.