Erzincan

Erzincan is a vibrant city located in the eastern part of Turkey. Known for its orderly urban planning and scenic surroundings, it serves as the capital of the Erzincan Province. The city is situated on a fertile plain surrounded by high mountains, offering visitors a unique atmosphere where nature and city life coexist harmoniously.

With a population of approximately 157,000, the city experiences a continental climate characterized by snowy winters and hot, dry summers. Its location near the upper Euphrates River adds to its geographical significance. The region has faced significant natural challenges in the past, yet the history of Erzincan is defined by resilience and rebirth, resulting in a modern cityscape with wide streets and contemporary architecture.

Travelers are drawn to the area for its impressive natural attractions. The majestic Girlevik Waterfall, located just outside the city, is a must-see, offering spectacular views and a refreshing escape in nature. For winter sports enthusiasts, the Ergan Mountain Winter Sports Center provides excellent skiing facilities with long tracks and modern amenities. Additionally, the city is famous for its traditional copper craftsmanship, which remains a significant part of its cultural heritage.

Whether you are looking for outdoor adventures, winter sports, or a glimpse into local Anatolian culture, Erzincan welcomes you with warm hospitality and unforgettable landscapes. It is a destination that beautifully balances its rich heritage with the tranquility of its natural environment.

The climate in this region is continental, offering distinct experiences depending on when you choose to visit. For a more detailed breakdown of what to expect during your trip, you can consult the guide to weather in Erzincan. Generally, travelers should expect warm, dry summers and cold winters that are perfect for snow-based activities.

Winter months like January and February are quite cold, with average temperatures hovering around -5°C and lows dipping near -10°C. While the total precipitation volume is low, the number of wet days remains significant, often resulting in snowfall that blankets the city. In contrast, summers are pleasant and warm; August is typically the warmest month with highs reaching 28.0°C and very little rainfall, creating excellent conditions for outdoor exploration.

Spring and autumn serve as transitional seasons with moderate weather. May is notable for being one of the wetter months, featuring about 17 wet days and mild temperatures averaging around 10.6°C. If you prefer milder heat without the winter chill, September offers a comfortable average of 16.7°C before the temperatures begin to drop again in November.

• A City Reborn on a New Site: Unlike many historic cities that are built directly on top of ancient layers, modern Erzincan was actually relocated. After the devastating earthquake of 1939, the city was rebuilt slightly north of its original location. This reconstruction resulted in a surprisingly modern grid plan with wide avenues, which is quite distinct from the winding, narrow streets typical of many older settlements in the region.

• Home to Endemic Grapes: The region is the exclusive home of the Cimin grape, a unique variety grown in the volcanic soils of the Üzümlü district. These black grapes are geographically registered and are celebrated for their low sugar content and distinct flavor, making them a rare delicacy that cannot be found growing anywhere else in the world.

• The "Grand Canyon" of Anatolia: While the city sits on a plain, the wider province contains the spectacular Dark Canyon (Karanlık Kanyon) in the Kemaliye district. It is one of the deepest canyons in the world, often compared to the Grand Canyon, and serves as a dramatic, lesser-known venue for extreme sports like base jumping and wingsuit flying.

• Naturally Carbonated Springs: Erzincan is famous for its mineral-rich waters, particularly at the Ekşisu recreation area. The water here is naturally carbonated and rich in minerals, bubbling directly from the ground. It is not only a popular local drink but also forms natural pools that are believed to have therapeutic properties.

Reaching this destination is relatively straightforward, with options to fly directly into the city or arrive via neighboring provinces. For a comprehensive guide on travel logistics, including road routes and public transport details, you can read more about how to get to Erzincan.

The most convenient entry point is Erzincan Airport (IATA: ERC), located directly in Erzincan, just 5.1 km from the city center. It serves as the primary hub for the region, handling a moderate volume of passengers annually. Due to its close proximity, a transfer by taxi or bus is quick, typically taking around 30 minutes to reach the heart of the city.

For travelers who cannot find direct flights, Trabzon Airport (IATA: TZX) is a significant alternative. Situated in the city of Trabzon, approximately 141 km away, this airport sees a much higher passenger volume and offers more international connections. However, the transfer to Erzincan involves a longer journey through the mountains, taking about 3 hours and 50 minutes by road. Another option is Erzurum Airport (IATA: ERZ) in Erzurum, roughly 146 km away, which is a similar distance and takes about 4 hours to reach by car.

For clarity, here is a summary of the main airports:

Erzincan is a destination where nature and history blend seamlessly, offering visitors a variety of scenic and cultural experiences. From ancient archaeological sites to breathtaking natural wonders, the city and its surrounding province provide memorable stops for every type of traveler.

One of the most refreshing spots in the region is the Girlevik Waterfall. Located approximately 35 kilometers from the city center, this majestic waterfall cascades from a height of about 30 meters. It is a favorite picnic spot for locals and tourists alike, especially during the hot summer months when the cool spray provides relief. In winter, the water often freezes, creating stunning ice stalactites that attract climbers and photographers seeking a unique snowy landscape.

For history enthusiasts, the ancient site of Altıntepe Fortress is a significant landmark. Dating back to the Urartian period, this archaeological mound overlooks the plain and offers insights into the region's early civilization. Excavations here have revealed temple remains, palace structures, and intricate artifacts, making it a crucial site for understanding Anatolian history. Walking through the ruins allows visitors to imagine the strategic importance of this settlement thousands of years ago.

Winter tourism is a growing highlight of the city, centered around the Ergan Mountain Winter Sports Center. Just a short drive from the city, this facility features one of the longest ski tracks in Turkey. Even if you do not ski, the cable car ride offers panoramic views of the snow-covered Munzur Mountains and the city below. It is a modern facility that caters to adventure seekers and families looking for alpine fun.

No visit to Erzincan is complete without tasting the local cuisine, and Sefa Köfte is a renowned stop for food lovers. This establishment is celebrated for serving authentic local flavors, particularly its expertly prepared meat dishes. It provides a welcoming atmosphere where tourists can experience the culinary traditions of the province after a day of sightseeing.

Another natural marvel worth mentioning is the Ekşisu area, famous for its mineral-rich springs. The water here is naturally carbonated and is believed to have health benefits. The area is developed as a recreational park with pools and green spaces, making it a relaxing place to unwind and enjoy the therapeutic properties of the local resources.

The culinary landscape of Erzincan is deeply rooted in its agricultural and pastoral traditions, offering a hearty and flavorful experience for visitors. The cuisine is heavily influenced by the surrounding mountains and fertile plains, resulting in a diet rich in high-quality meats, dairy products, and grains. The city is particularly renowned across Turkey for its breakfast culture, centered around locally produced staples that are considered some of the best in the country.

The absolute star of the local table is the famous Erzincan Tulum Cheese (Tulum Peyniri). Unlike other cheeses, this savory, crumbly white cheese is traditionally aged in goat skin casings and possesses a distinct, sharp flavor derived from the high-altitude pastures where the livestock graze. It is almost always served with fresh bread, butter, and local honey, making for an unforgettable start to the day. Another must-try delicacy is Kete, a flaky, layered pastry often filled with roasted flour and walnuts, which pairs perfectly with the cheese.

For main courses, the city takes great pride in its meat dishes, particularly its version of Döner Kebab. The local style, known as Yaprak Döner, is made exclusively from sliced meat without any minced additions, offering a pure and tender taste. Visitors should also look for Babikko, a traditional dish made from a hollowed-out baked dough filled with a rich garlic yogurt and butter sauce, often served on special occasions or family gatherings.

When it comes to beverages, the region offers something unique provided by nature itself. The local mineral water, which bubbles naturally from the springs in the area, is a popular choice to accompany meals. It is rich in minerals and naturally carbonated. Aside from this, traditional Ayran (a yogurt-based drink) is widely consumed to balance the richness of the meat dishes, alongside endless glasses of Turkish tea.

Dining in the city is a casual and welcoming affair, with many establishments focusing on perfected family recipes rather than elaborate fusion concepts. You will find numerous grill houses and local eateries where the focus is on the freshness of the ingredients. For a reliable taste of local grilled meats and meatballs, Sefa Köfte is a well-regarded stop where travelers can enjoy authentic flavors in a comfortable setting.

Visiting Erzincan offers a unique glimpse into the authentic lifestyle of Eastern Anatolia, far removed from the hustle of Turkey's western metropolises. To ensure your trip is as smooth and enjoyable as possible, here are some practical tips to help you navigate the local culture and logistics.

1. Pack for the Season: The continental climate here creates a sharp contrast between seasons. If you are visiting in winter for the Ergan Mountain ski season, heavy thermal clothing, waterproof boots, and gloves are essential. In summer, the heat is dry, so lightweight, breathable fabrics are best. However, always pack a light jacket for the evenings, which can get cool even in July. Modest clothing is recommended when visiting religious sites or rural villages.

2. Getting Around: Erzincan is famous for its planned urban grid and flat terrain, making the city center widely walkable. For distances too far to walk, the local dolmuş (minibuses) are the most popular and economical way to travel; they run frequent routes throughout the city and to nearby attractions like the Ekşisu springs. Taxis are also readily available and reasonably priced, but ensure the meter is running.

3. Cash is King in Bazaars: While credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, modern restaurants, and shopping malls, you will need the local currency (Turkish Lira) for smaller transactions. If you plan to shop for traditional copper crafts in the bazaars or buy fresh produce like Cimin grapes from street vendors, carrying cash is necessary. ATMs are plentiful in the city center.

4. Health and Safety: Erzincan is generally a very safe city for tourists. Pharmacies, marked by a red "E" sign and known as Eczane, are easy to find; however, they usually close in the evening, with only one "duty pharmacy" (Nöbetçi Eczane) remaining open overnight in each district. While the city's tap water is often considered safe, most travelers prefer drinking bottled water or the famous local mineral water.

5. Language and Connection: English is not as widely spoken here as it is in Istanbul or coastal resorts. It is highly recommended to download an offline translation app and map before you arrive. Learning a few basic Turkish phrases like Merhaba (Hello) and Teşekkürler (Thank you) will be warmly received by the locals. Prepaid SIM cards can be easily purchased from mobile shops in the city center with your passport.

6. Tea Culture and Etiquette: Hospitality is a core part of life in Erzincan. You may be offered a glass of tea (çay) by shopkeepers or locals; accepting it is a sign of respect and friendship. When entering a private home or a mosque, always remember to remove your shoes. The pace of life here is more relaxed, so do not rush interactions.

7. Respect Local Norms: Erzincan is a somewhat conservative city. It is best to avoid public displays of affection, as this can be frowned upon. Additionally, dress somewhat modestly when walking around the city center; beachwear or overly revealing clothing is generally not appropriate for urban exploration here.

8. Shop for Copper: Do not leave without visiting the Underground Bazaar (Yeraltı Çarşısı) or the Coppersmiths' Bazaar. Erzincan has a centuries-old tradition of copper craftsmanship. Buying a hand-hammered copper plate or coffee pot is not only a great souvenir but also supports local artisans.

By keeping these tips in mind, you will be well-prepared to embrace the rich culture and stunning nature of Erzincan. The city's orderly charm and the genuine warmth of its people ensure that every visitor feels like an honored guest.

Nightlife in Erzincan is characterized by a relaxed and social atmosphere rather than a pulsating club scene. Unlike Turkey's coastal resort towns, the evenings here are defined by tea culture, long dinners, and lively conversations in public spaces. The city offers a calm and authentic experience where locals gather to unwind after work, making it perfect for travelers seeking a laid-back night out.

The main hub of activity after dark is centered around Ordu Street and the Clock Tower (Saat Kulesi) square. These areas are bustling with pedestrians, families, and university students strolling along the wide, well-lit avenues. The district is lined with modern cafes, patisseries, and tea gardens that remain open late into the night. While dedicated nightclubs are virtually non-existent, these cafes serve as the primary social venues, often featuring comfortable outdoor seating where you can enjoy traditional Turkish tea or coffee while watching the city go by.

For those looking to enjoy a meal as part of their evening entertainment, the city's restaurants are lively and welcoming. Sefa Köfte is a popular establishment that stays busy in the evenings, offering a great atmosphere to sample local meat dishes before heading out for dessert. If you are looking for a place that serves alcohol, options are generally limited to the bars and lounges within major international hotels, such as the Hilton Garden Inn, which provides a sophisticated setting for a quiet drink. Another key spot for evening entertainment is Erzincan Park AVM, the city's shopping mall, which houses a cinema and various food courts, attracting a younger crowd looking for movies and casual hangouts.

From a practical perspective, Erzincan is a very safe city for night walks. The central areas are well-populated and secure, but it is always advisable to stay in well-lit zones. Taxis are plentiful and can be easily found at designated stands or called by restaurants; they are affordable and run on meters. The dress code is generally casual, though "smart casual" is appropriate for hotel venues. Since the climate is continental, evenings can get chilly even in summer, so carrying a light jacket is recommended.

Before the evening sets in, the city offers several daytime entertainment options to fill your schedule. The Erzincan Museum is a cultural highlight, showcasing archaeological artifacts and ethnographic displays that tell the story of the region. For a more leisurely afternoon, the city's parks provide ample green space, while the nearby natural springs offer a refreshing retreat before returning to the city center for the night.

Erzincan offers a delightful blend of orderly urban greenery and deep-rooted cultural heritage, making it a pleasant destination for those who enjoy both nature and history. The city's modern grid layout incorporates ample open spaces, while its museums and historical sites provide a window into the civilizations that have thrived in this region of Eastern Anatolia for millennia.

One of the most popular natural escapes for locals and visitors alike is the Ekşisu Recreation Area. Located about 11 kilometers from the city center, this extensive park is famous for its natural mineral water springs, which bubble directly from the ground. The area is beautifully landscaped with large green lawns, picnic tables, and ornamental pools, making it an ideal spot for a relaxing afternoon. Visitors can drink the mineral-rich water from the fountains or enjoy the walking paths that wind through the park, surrounded by the scenic backdrop of the mountains.

Another significant green space is the Beytahtı Recreation Area, situated along the banks of the Karasu River. This park is a favorite summer retreat, offering a cool and refreshing environment thanks to the flowing river and abundant shade trees. It is particularly lively on weekends when families gather for picnics and barbecues. The sound of the rushing water and the lush vegetation create a tranquil atmosphere, perfect for travelers looking to experience the local outdoor lifestyle.

For those interested in the region's rich past, the Erzincan Museum is the primary cultural institution in the city. The museum houses a comprehensive collection of artifacts ranging from the Bronze Age to the Ottoman era. Highlights include archaeological finds from the nearby Altıntepe excavation site, such as Urartian jewelry, weapons, and pottery. The ethnographic section offers a glimpse into local traditions, displaying colorful hand-woven carpets, traditional clothing, and examples of the city's famous copper craftsmanship.

While not a traditional indoor museum, the ancient site of Altıntepe serves as an invaluable open-air museum. Dating back to the Urartian civilization, this archaeological mound features the remains of a temple, a palace, and monumental tombs. Walking among these ruins allows visitors to visualize the strategic importance of Erzincan in ancient history. The site also provides panoramic views of the surrounding plains, adding a scenic element to the historical exploration.

In terms of architectural landmarks, the Terzibaba Tomb is a site of great spiritual and architectural significance. Dedicated to a revered Islamic scholar and mystic who lived in the city, the complex is known for its unique modern architecture that blends traditional Seljuk motifs with contemporary design. It serves as a major religious tourism center and offers a peaceful environment for reflection.

For a truly authentic experience, take the time to visit the city's Coppersmiths' Bazaar. While it is a marketplace rather than a formal gallery, watching the artisans hammer and shape copper into intricate plates and vessels is like witnessing a living museum. It is a rare opportunity to see a centuries-old craft being practiced with the same techniques used by generations of masters.

Public transport in Erzincan is straightforward, efficient, and well-suited to the city's compact and orderly layout. Unlike larger metropolises, the city does not have a metro or tram system. Instead, the public transportation network relies primarily on a fleet of modern municipal buses and privately operated minibuses, known locally as dolmuş. These vehicles cover the entire city center as well as the surrounding neighborhoods, making it easy for visitors to reach key points of interest without needing a private vehicle.

The municipal buses are the most formal mode of transport and operate on fixed routes and schedules. To use them, you will need the local electronic travel card, often referred to as the Can Kart. This contactless smart card can be purchased and topped up at designated kiosks, market stalls, and filling points located throughout the city, particularly near major bus stops and the city center. You simply tap the card on the reader when boarding. The fares are very affordable, making this an economical way to get around.

For a slightly faster and more flexible alternative, the dolmuş system is extremely popular among locals. These minibuses follow specific routes but can stop anywhere along the way to pick up or drop off passengers upon request. Unlike the municipal buses, payment for the dolmuş is typically made in cash directly to the driver. It is advisable to carry small change if you plan to use this service. The destination is usually displayed on a sign in the front window, and the drivers are generally helpful if you ask about your stop.

Taxis are another convenient option and are readily available 24 hours a day. You can easily spot them by their yellow color. There are designated taxi stands at key locations such as the bus terminal, the airport, and major city squares. Taxis in the city run on a taximeter system, so there is no need to negotiate the price beforehand. Given the relatively small size of the city, taxi fares for short trips within the center remain quite reasonable.

One of the best "transport" features of Erzincan is actually its urban design. Because the city was rebuilt with a planned grid system on a flat plain, it is exceptionally walkable. Many tourists find that they can easily explore the main avenues, shops, and restaurants on foot. For those wishing to explore the wider province or visit attractions like the Ergan Mountain Winter Sports Center, renting a car is a practical alternative, with agencies available at the airport and in the city center.

Public transport generally operates from early morning, around 06:30, until late evening, typically winding down between 23:00 and 23:30. If you are traveling late at night, a taxi will be your best option. Navigation is simple due to the grid layout, and bus stops are clearly marked, often with route information. Whether you choose the bus, a minibus, or a taxi, getting around this planned city is a stress-free experience.

Accommodation in Erzincan is designed to cater primarily to business travelers, winter sports enthusiasts, and those exploring the natural wonders of Eastern Anatolia. The city does not boast an extensive array of ultra-luxury resorts; instead, it offers a solid selection of reliable, clean, and modern hotels. Visitors can choose from well-established international chains, locally run 3-star and 4-star hotels, and budget-friendly guesthouses. The overall standard of hospitality is high, with a focus on comfort and practicality.

The most convenient area to stay is undoubtedly the city center. Thanks to Erzincan's planned grid layout, staying centrally places you within walking distance of major avenues like Ordu Street, the Copper Bazaar, and various dining options. Hotels located along the main boulevards offer easy access to public transport and are just a short drive from the airport. For those visiting specifically for skiing, staying in the city center is still the standard practice, as the Ergan Mountain Winter Sports Center is located just a short drive away, and many hotels offer shuttle services or easy transfers during the season.

While the list of options is not overwhelming, the quality is dependable. The city is home to recognizable international brands, such as the Hilton Garden Inn, which provides a familiar standard of service with modern amenities like fitness centers and on-site dining. In addition to major chains, there are several reputable local hotels that offer spacious rooms and traditional Turkish breakfasts, often preferred by families and domestic tourists for their warm atmosphere and competitive rates.

Booking Tip: If you plan to visit during the winter months to ski at Ergan Mountain, it is highly recommended to book your accommodation in advance, as the best hotels can fill up quickly with ski groups. Similarly, during national holidays, the city sees an influx of domestic travelers.

In terms of pricing, Erzincan is generally very affordable compared to Turkey's western coastal cities. The price range typically spans from budget to mid-range, making it an economical destination. Most hotels can be booked easily through major online travel platforms, though some smaller local guesthouses may prefer direct bookings via phone or their own websites. Payment is almost always accepted via credit card, though carrying some cash for incidental expenses at smaller establishments is always a good idea.

For those looking to explore the surroundings, Erzincan serves as an excellent base for day trips to several interesting nearby locations: travelers can discover the historic charm of Bayburt, home to an impressive fortress and the unique Baksı Museum, which sits dramatically on a hilltop. Nature enthusiasts will appreciate a trip to Gümüşhane (Gumushane), famous for the spectacular Karaca Cave and its rich history of silver mining. Alternatively, Tunceli offers breathtaking landscapes within the Munzur Valley National Park, making it a perfect spot for those seeking outdoor tranquility.

These nearby destinations offer a glimpse into the diverse culture and landscapes of the region.

Shopping in Erzincan offers a distinct blend of modern convenience and deep-rooted Anatolian tradition. While the city may not be a global fashion capital, it provides a genuine retail experience where visitors can discover authentic local craftsmanship alongside standard commercial brands. The shopping scene is concentrated and easy to navigate, allowing travelers to explore bustling bazaars and modern avenues within a short walking distance of each other.

The heart of the city's retail activity is centered around Ordu Street and the Clock Tower Square (Saat Kulesi). These areas serve as the main open-air shopping districts, lined with a variety of clothing boutiques, shoe stores, and local businesses. Walking down these wide, tree-lined avenues is a pleasant experience, offering a mix of window shopping and opportunities to purchase everyday necessities or local fashion items.

For a more contemporary shopping experience, Erzincan Park AVM is the city's premier shopping mall. It serves as a modern lifestyle hub, housing a selection of national and international brands, a cinema, and a food court. It is the go-to destination for those looking for branded apparel, electronics, or simply a climate-controlled environment to browse. Another notable spot is Ermerkez, a smaller business and shopping center that caters to various local needs.

The true soul of shopping in Erzincan, however, lies in its traditional markets. The Underground Bazaar (Yeraltı Çarşısı) is a unique local landmark located beneath the city center. It houses dozens of small shops selling textiles, jewelry, mobile accessories, and military surplus gear, buzzing with local life. Even more culturally significant is the historical Coppersmiths’ Bazaar (Bakırcılar Çarşısı). Here, you can watch artisans practicing the centuries-old trade of copper beating, creating intricate designs that are unique to this region.

When it comes to souvenirs, copper craftsmanship is the undisputed highlight. Visitors often take home hand-forged coffee pots, trays, or decorative plates featuring delicate engravings. For edible souvenirs, Erzincan Tulum Cheese is famous across Turkey; it is a savory, crumbly cheese aged in goat skin that travels well if vacuum-sealed. If you are visiting in late summer or autumn, look for the endemic Cimin grapes, a sweet, black table grape variety grown only in this province.

Store opening hours in Erzincan are generally consistent. Street shops and bazaars typically operate from 09:00 to 20:00, though some may close earlier on Sundays. Shopping malls like Erzincan Park AVM stay open later, usually until 22:00, seven days a week. Payment methods are modern, with credit and debit cards widely accepted in malls and established stores. However, carrying cash (Turkish Lira) is essential when shopping in the bazaars or buying fresh produce from market stalls.

Tourists should also be aware of the Tax-Free shopping system. While less common in small local shops, larger stores and international brands within the shopping malls often participate in tax refund schemes for foreign visitors. Look for the "Tax Free" signage in the window, and remember to ask for the necessary paperwork at the checkout to claim your refund upon departure from Turkey.